JAMES BAKER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Baker was charged with strong-arm robbery but convicted of petit theft. On appeal, he challenged the trial court's jury instructions on the value of the stolen property, the inclusion of battery as a lesser included offense, and alleged prosecutorial misconduct. The Fourth District affirmed the conviction, finding any instructional error was cured and the prosecutor's comments were not sufficiently prejudicial.
The court found no reversible error. The trial judge's inadvertent misstatement was adequately cured by subsequent clarifying instructions and repeated burden-of-proof instructions. The jury was properly instructed on battery because the information alleged the necessary elements and evidence of battery was presented. The prosecutor's comments were not so prejudicial or inflammatory as to require reversal.
[1] A curative instruction adequately remedies a trial court's inadvertent misstatement of law to the jury when the instruction clarifies the jury's role in determining facts…
[2] A jury may be instructed on a category two lesser included offense if the charging instrument alleges the elements of the offense and evidence of the offense is presented…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“We believe the judge's comments here were inadvertent and adequately cured by the instructions which followed.”
Establishes the court's standard for reviewing alleged instructional error—that curative instructions can remedy initial errors.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe state presented evidence that Baker forcibly removed a gold chain from the victim's neck. The trial judge initially instructed the jury that the p…
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PER CURIAM.
Appellant was charged with strong arm robbery and convicted of petit theft. He argues that the lower court erred in misstating a jury instruction, instructing the jury on battery as a lesser included offense of strong arm robbery, and denying his motions for mistrial following two comments made by the prosecutor during closing argument. We find no reversible error on the record, and affirm appellant’s conviction.
The state adduced evidence that appellant forcibly removed a gold chain from the victim’s neck. In the course of instructing the jury, the trial judge stated:
In the State of Florida, the cutoff between grand theft and petty theft is $300.00, and I have determined as a matter of law, that the property taken was not more than $300.00, therefore petty theft is the lesser included offense.
Moments after the jury retired to deliberate, defense counsel informed the trial judge that he had erred. The jury was recalled and further instructed:
I have the extremely rare occasion to call you back ... but, I want to clear something up in an abundance of caution, ... it’s been pointed out that when I was talking about petty theft and grand theft, I said, I have determined as a matter of law that the property taken was less than $300.00, the value of the property taken. I didn’t mean to imply or infer that I found as a matter of law that any property was taken. That’s up to you to determine as the jurors.... You know, that’s completely up to you to determine, as the jurors in this case. So, anything I may have said that would lead ypu to believe that I found as a matter of law that property was taken, you should disregard.
Beyond this curative instruction, the jury was instructed twice more that the state had the burden of proving both elements of petit theft, beyond a reasonable doubt.
We believe the judge’s comments here were inadvertent and adequately cured by the instructions which followed. The instant case is distinguishable from Redford v. State, 477 So. 2d 64 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985), where no curative instructions were given. Further, unlike Reyes v. State, 547 So. 2d 347 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989), the inadvertent comment in the instant case does not involve a trial judge’s improper comment upon the testimony of witnesses or departure from an impartial role.
Appellant argues that the trial court erred in instructing the jury on battery, a permissive category two lesser in- eluded offense of robbery. A jury should not be instructed on a category two crime, even if evidence of the crime is adduced during trial, unless the information or indictment alleges the elements of the crime, or based on stipulation of counsel. See State v. Wimberly, 498 So. 2d 929 (Fla.1986). The information in the instant case adequately alleged that appellant intentionally caused bodily harm to another, and evidence of this crime was adduced at trial. Therefore the jury was properly instructed on battery.
Lastly, appellant argues that the court erred in refusing to grant his motions for mistrial following two comments made by the prosecutor during closing argument. One comment concerned an objection made by defense counsel during trial. Appellant failed to present the argument advanced on appeal to the trial court, therefore possible error regarding this comment has not been properly preserved for appellate review. Ferguson v. State, 417 So. 2d 639 (Fla. 1982).
The second comment occurred near the start of the prosecutor’s closing argument:
Certainly, as he indicated in voir dire, the Defendant’s good name is at stake, and the Defendant’s liberty is at stake, and he is representing those interests. I am standing before you representing the interests of the people of the State of Florida, and there are yet other interests at stake, which is the interest of the people of the State of Florida in being safe in their environment.
This statement is virtually identical to that objected to in Wingate v. State, 232 So. 2d 44 (Fla. 3d DCA), cert. denied, 237 So. 2d 764 (1970), cert. denied, Wingate v. Florida, 400 U.S. 994, 91 S.Ct. 467, 27 L.Ed.2d 443 (1971). There, as here, a review of the prosecutor’s entire closing argument reveals that the improper comment was not so prejudicial or inflammatory as to require reversal. Id. at 45.
Appellant’s conviction is affirmed.
STONE and POLEN, JJ., concur. GLICKSTEIN, J., concurs specially with opinion.
GLICKSTEIN, Judge,
concurring specially.
I believe the prosecutor’s second comment in this case was inappropriate and empathize with Judge Pearson’s dissenting concerns in Wingate v. State, 232 So. 2d 44 (Fla. 3d DCA), cert. denied, 237 So. 2d 764 (Fla.1970), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 994, 91 S.Ct. 467, 27 L.Ed.2d 443 (1971), upon the question of the prosecutor’s comment in that case. The effect of the comments in both cases was to distract the jurors’ attention away from their sole responsibility to determine the' guilt or innocence of the defendant before them — based on the evidence and the law as instructed by the trial judge — not on an editorial appeal to societal fears. Judge Hurley’s succinct observation in Boatwright v. State, 452 So. 2d 666 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984), is worth repeating: “It diverts the jury’s attention from the task at hand and worse, prompts the jury to consider matters extraneous to the evidence.” Id. at 667.
Nevertheless, the prosecutor’s following comment in Boatwright was clearly more egregious than in Wingate, in my view:
“I’m asking you to do your job today, here in this courtroom and send these folks a message we’re not gonna put up with this kind of stuff.” During the rebuttal phase of final argument, the prosecutor again stated, “This is our country, this is our nation, it’s time to send ’em — send criminals a message we’re not gonna tolerate it any more.... ”
Id. at 667.
Moreover, it is my further view that the prosecutor’s comment in Wingate was worse than that of the prosecutor’s here; and that the evidence in this case renders the error harmless.
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N.H.M. v. State, 974 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008)…on [the victim] with the intent to unlawfully, by force, violence, assault or putting in fear, take away from the person or custody of [the victim] certain property[.]’ ” Ross v. State, 373 So. 2d 41, 41 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979); see also Baker v. State, 578 So. 2d 37, 39 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991) (stating “[t]he information in the instant case adequately alleged that appellant intentionally caused bodily harm to another,” thus supporting conviction for battery as a lesser-included offense to strong-arm robbery). In l…
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Sandoval v. State, 689 So. 2d 1258 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997)…we agree with Sandoval that the argument was irrelevant and amounted to improper argument concerning the interest of the people of Florida to be safe in their environment, see Kirtsey v. State, 649 So. 2d 946, 947 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995); Baker v. State, 578 So. 2d 37, 39 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); Wingate v. State, 232 So. 2d 44 (Fla. 3d DCA), cert. denied, 237 So. 2d 764 (Fla.1970), cert. denied, 400 U.S. 994, 91 S.Ct. 467, 27 L.Ed.2d 443 (1971), and to an inappropriate request that the jury “send the community a mes…
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Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Laliberte, 52 So. 3d 31 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010)…mistrial, we review this issue under an abuse of discretion standard. See Goodwin v. State, 751 So. 2d 537, 546 (Fla.1999). Under that standard, inadvertent and adequately-cured comments by a judge are not grounds for a mistrial. See Baker v. State, 578 So. 2d 37, 38 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991). The record before us reveals the trial court’s reference to a “defect” in the seats was inadvertent and not calculated to serve as a comment on the evidence. Moreover, the trial court quickly provided a curative instruction…
Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Wimberly, 498 So. 2d 929 (Fla. 1986)
- Ferguson v. State, 417 So. 2d 639 (Fla. 1982)
- Quinn v. Metro. Dade Cnty. Aviation Dep't, 452 So. 2d 666 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)
- Wingate v. State, 232 So. 2d 44 (Fla. 3d DCA 1970)
- Redford v. State, 477 So. 2d 64 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)
- Bradley v. McMann, 400 U.S. 994 (U.S. 1971)
- Satterly v. United States, 400 U.S. 994 (U.S. 1971)
- Topalian v. Topalian, 237 So. 2d 764 (Fla. 1970)
- State v. Williams, 547 So. 2d 347 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989)
- Reyes v. State, 547 So. 2d 347 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989)