DARREN WILLIAMS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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The court held that an erroneous jury instruction regarding a victim's status as a law enforcement officer is not fundamental error if there was no dispute about that status, but points added to a sentencing scoresheet for unadjudicated offenses require resentencing.
[1] A trial court commits error by instructing the jury that a victim is a law enforcement officer, thereby invading the jury's fact-finding province.
[2] An erroneous jury instruction on an element of an offense is not fundamental error if there was no dispute regarding that element at trial.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe appellant was convicted of battery on two law enforcement officers and resisting arrest with violence. He appealed, arguing the jury was wrongly i…
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PER CURIAM.
For his convictions of battery on two law enforcement officers, section 784.07, Florida Statutes (1989), and resisting arrest with violence, section 843.01, the appellant was sentenced on May 28, 1991, within the guidelines recommended range. In this appeal he contends there were two reversible-errors: (1) in the conviction because the jury was wrongly instructed when the trial court in effect directed a verdict as to one of the elements of the crime charged; and (2) in sentencing him using a scoresheet which was incorrectly calculated. We disagree with his first contention but agree that his second contention requires resentencing.
After listing the elements of the crime of battery on a law enforcement officer, the trial court charged the jury in the following manner: “The court now instructs you that Detective J. Wiggins is an officer with the Plant City Police Department and is a law enforcement officer.” A similar instruction was given for the count relating to the second officer/victim. This was error because the trial court thus invaded the fact-finding province of the jury. Wright v. State, 586 So. 2d 1024 (Fla.1991). Since defense counsel did not object to the instructions as given, the appellant may present this issue for review before this court only if it was fundamental error to so instruct the jury.1 Williams v. State, 285 So. 2d 13 (Fla.1973); Smith v. State, 396 So. 2d 206 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981).
State v. Delva, 575 So. 2d 643 (Fla. 1991), holds that it is not fundamental error to fail to instruct on an element of an offense where the record shows there was no dispute over that particular element. In Delva, the trial court, in a prosecution for trafficking in cocaine, failed to instruct that the jury must find that the defendant knew the substance was cocaine. In the instant case, the court did not fail to instruct on an element of battery on a law enforcement officer but instead erroneously instructed on the element of the victim’s status as a law enforcement officer. In both Delva and the instant case, the instructions as given foreclosed the jury from considering the essential element at issue. There was no serious dispute, indeed no dispute at all, about the status of the two law enforcement officers who were the victims of the crimes here, just as there was no dispute in Delva about whether the defendant knew the substance found in the vehicle was cocaine. The two police officer victims in the instant case testified that appellant and they knew each other; the appellant knew they were police officers because he testified that when they approached him, he asked them why they were arresting him.
We find that the circumstance of the instant case in erroneously instructing the jury as to the victim’s status is sufficiently analogous to the circumstance of Delva in failing to instruct on the knowledge of the substance element of trafficking. Since, like Delva, there was no dispute about this element, the instant error is not fundamental either; therefore, by failing to contemporaneously object, the appellant has not preserved the issue for appellate review. See also, Isom v. State, 18 Fla.L.Weekly D1321, 1993 WL 176179 (Fla. 3d DCA May 25, 1993).
On the other issue raised, the alleged improperly prepared scoresheet at the May 28, 1991, sentencing hearing, the appellant contests the victim injury points scored and the points added for three of five counts of “Additional Offenses at Conviction.” These three additional offenses at conviction were grand theft auto, possession of cocaine, and delivery of cocaine. It is clear from the record that these three additional offenses were not convictions but actually charges then awaiting trial. The appellant further argues that the trial court abused its discretion in assigning the highest amount possible for victim injury.
The evidence adduced at trial showed that one of the officers was injured and went to the hospital for treatment.
Thus, there is competent, substantial evidence to support the trial court’s ruling on the addition of victim injury points and we do not find that the trial court abused its discretion in this regard.
However, the appellant is correct to point out that the points added for the unadjudicated crimes require us to reverse and remand for resentencing with a properly prepared scoresheet before the court. Culver v. State, 561 So. 2d 1281 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990).
DANAHY, A.C.J., and HALL, J., and ROBERTS, SUSAN W., Associate Judge, concur. . Wright specifically declined to address the issue whether stating that a named officer/victim is a law enforcement officer in charging the jury in prosecutions for battery on a law enforcement officer is fundamental error. Id. at 1031, note 9.
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Citator
Cited By
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LEE v. State, 745 So. 2d 1036 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999)…e record show that the matter was referred to in the final instructions to the jury. While it is error for a trial court to invade the fact-finding province of the jury in prosecutions for battery on a law enforcement officer, see Williams v. State, 614 So. 2d 640, 641 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993), non-case specific instructions are appropriate when they correctly reflect established statutory law. See, e.g., State v. Anderson, 639 So. 2d 609 (Fla.1994) (approving instruction on legal duty, [*1039] “an arrest and deten…
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Dennis v. State, 980 So. 2d 1279 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008)…2d 643, 645 (Fla.1991) (“Failing to instruct on an element of the crime over which the record reflects there was no dispute is not fundamental error and there must be an objection to preserve the issue for appeal.”). Similarly, in Williams v. State, 614 So. 2d 640, 641 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993), the trial court erroneously instructed on the element of the victim’s status as a law enforcement officer for a charge of battery on a law enforcement officer without objection. However, the court recognized that there was n…
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Castaline v. State, 645 So. 2d 561 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994)…sentencing guidelines scoresheet contains a scoring error for the injury sustained by the victim in this case. The injury suffered was shown to be a moderate, rather than, as urged, a slight injury. Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.701(d)(7). See Williams v. State, 614 So. 2d 640, 642 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993); cf. McMillan v. State, 541 So. 2d 152 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989) (severe injury); Green v. State, 496 So. 2d 256 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986) (slight injury). 5. Finally, we agree with the defendant that the trial court erred in departing…
Authorities Cited
- D'Angelo v. State, 575 So. 2d 643 (Fla. 1991)
- State v. Batraville Vincent Delva, 575 So. 2d 643 (Fla. 1991)
- Mac Ray Wright v. State, 586 So. 2d 1024 (Fla. 1991)
- Williams v. State, 285 So. 2d 13 (Fla. 1973)
- Culver v. State, 561 So. 2d 1281 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990)
- Smith v. State, 561 So. 2d 1281 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990)
- Argento v. State, 396 So. 2d 206 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981)