PROGRESSIVE AMERICAN INSURANCE COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
WLADIMIR TANCHUK A/K/A WALTER TANCHUK, AND PATRICIA TANCHUK, HIS WIFE, APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1993-03-10
No. 92-3253
LETTS, J., concurs., ANSTEAD, J., dissents with opinion.
616 So. 2d 489 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1993) Caution
Cited by 9 cases

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Synopsis

Progressive American Insurance Company appealed a summary judgment requiring it to pay uninsured motorist benefits to a tow truck driver injured when struck by an uninsured vehicle while working at the scene of a stranded motorist. The Fourth District affirmed, holding that the driver was "occupying" the insured tow truck under the policy's definition despite being outside the vehicle at the moment of impact.


Holding

The court held that Tanchuk was occupying the tow truck at the time of the accident and therefore entitled to uninsured motorist benefits. The court reasoned that occupancy is not limited to physical presence inside the vehicle but extends to situations involving close temporal and spatial proximity to the vehicle in the context of alighting or being in the process of leaving.


Headnotes

[1] An insured is considered "occupying" a vehicle for insurance purposes when they are in the process of alighting from it, even if they have temporarily stepped away.

[2] The "occupancy" of a vehicle for insurance purposes is determined by the relationship between the person and the vehicle, considering time and distance relative to the ri…

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Key Quotes

“While we are unable to cite any prior decision which is directly in point with our view of "occupying," there is ample authority for extending occupancy beyond physical presence in the vehicle in voluntary self-removal or alighting cases.”

Establishes the legal principle that occupancy under insurance policies extends beyond mere physical presence in the vehicle.

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Facts & Procedural History

On July 14, 1988, Wladimir Tanchuk, a tow truck driver employed by Rangeline Auto Service, was called to assist a motorist whose Toyota was stuck in a…

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Opinion of the Court
GLICKSTEIN, Chief Judge.

GLICKSTEIN, Chief Judge.

This is an appeal by an uninsured motorist insurer from a summary final judgment entered in favor of appellee, a tow truck driver, employed by Rangeline Auto Service and George M. Bobko to drive their tow truck. On the night of July 14, 1988, appellee was called to assist Indrawan Su-tantri, whose Toyota was said to have a flat tire. When he got to the scene on Palmetto Park Road appellee found that the vehicle was in a ditch in three feet of water, placed the tow truck in the far right lane, hooked the motorist’s Toyota automobile to the tow truck and lifted the Toyota out of the ditch and onto the right lane of the road by means of a remote controlled winch. Appellee then noticed that the Toyota had two flat tires and therefore could not be towed, but would have to be carried by flat bed. He went to the cab of the tow truck, opened the door half way, and with a hand on the door reached for the microphone of the radio to call his employer. As he did this he heard screams from the Toyota, which was occupied by Mr. Sutan-tri. He dropped the microphone and ran back to see what was going on and saw the lights of another car. A Pontiac was heading straight for the Toyota. When the Pontiac struck the Toyota, the Toyota was pushed toward where appellee was standing, between the rear of the tow truck and the rear of the Toyota. The Pontiac clipped appellee and threw him forty feet into the air. He landed in the ditch. The cable of the tow truck hit appellee in the left arm. Appellee thought he was touching the cable when the Pontiac hit. The Toyota was pushed past the tow truck by the impact and was back in the ditch. After hitting the Toyota and clipping appellee the Pontiac hit the back of the tow truck. All of this happened in a matter of seconds. Appellee remained conscious at all times pertinent.

Learning that the Pontiac was uninsured, appellee filed a declaratory action against appellant, the insurer of the tow truck for uninsured motorist benefit, which filed a summary judgment motion, based on the contention that as a Class II insured appel-lee had to be occupying the tow truck at the time of the accident to be eligible for uninsured motorist benefits, and that appellee was not occupying the tow truck at the time.

Appellee filed a cross motion for summary judgment, maintaining he was at times pertinent occupying the tow truck. Liberty Mutual, appellee’s own auto insurer, joined the declaratory judgment suit, and made much the same assertions as appellee. The trial court granted appel-lee’s cross motion, holding that he was entitled to uninsured motorist benefits under the policy purchased by his employers from appellant. We affirm.

This court has previously held one to be an occupant when blown out of the back of a truck and injured when falling to the roadway. See United States Fidelity & Guar. Co. v. Daly, 384 So. 2d 1350, 1351 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980). There we held:

While we are unable to cite any prior decision which is directly in point with our view of “occupying,” there is ample authority for extending occupancy beyond physical presence in the vehicle in voluntary self-removal or alighting cases. Industrial Fire and Casualty Insurance Company v. Collier, 334 So. 2d 148 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976); Nickerson v. Citizens Mutual Insurance Co., 393 Mich. 324, 224 N.W. 2d 896 (1975); Stoddard v. “Aid” Insurance Co. (Mutual), 97 Idaho 508, 547 P. 2d 1113 (1976); Nelson v. Iowa Mutual Insurance Company, 163 Mont. 82, 515 P. 2d 362 (1973); Whitmire v. Nationwide Mutual Insurance Company, 254 S.C. 184, 174 S.E. 2d 391 (1970). See also, Annot., 42 A.L.R.3d 501 (1972); 19 A.L.R.2d 513 (1951). [Emphasis supplied.]

Our companion court’s decision in Industrial Fire and Casualty Insurance Co. v. Collier, 334 So. 2d 148 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976), involved an insured who was injured when he suffered a flat tire, stopped and was injured while preparing to change the flat tire when his vehicle was struck by another vehicle just when he was removing the spare from his jacked-up vehicle. The third district held that the insured was “occupying” his vehicle and its opinion, as ours, contained a string cite of additional cases.

The decisions of other states for the proposition of “occupying” a vehicle are annotated in Annotation, Automobile Insurance: When is a Person “Occupying” an Automobile Within Meaning of Medical Payments Provision, 42 A.L.R.3d 501 (1972), as our earlier decision cited. This is a case of “occupying” because the policy definition of “occupying” is “in, on, getting into, off or out of.”

“Entering” or “alighting” cases were annotated after our decision in Annotation, What Constitutes “Entering” or “Alighting From” Vehicle Within Meaning of Insurance Policy, or Statute Mandating Insurance Coverage, 59 A.L.R.4th 149 (1988). Annotated cases therein include, besides Whitmire, which is mentioned in the excerpt from Daly, Day v. Coca Cola Bottling Co., 420 So. 2d 518 (La.App.1982) (claimant held in act of alighting from his pickup truck, where having stopped his truck and gone to the rear of his truck to see if he could help people in one-car accident he had witnessed, claimant was injured when third vehicle hit his pickup truck); and Sentry Ins. Co. v. Providence Washington Ins. Co., 91 Wis.2d 457, 283 N.W. 2d 455 (Wis.Ct.App.1979) (party was walking in front of the car in which he had been riding when hit by that car, which was impelled forward when hit from behind by another car; party held still alighting from vehicle when injured).

The test is described in Day:

[I]t is not physical contact with the vehicle that serves as a basis to determine whether a person is injured while alighting from a vehicle but it is the relationship between the person and the vehicle, obviously of time and in distance with regard to the risk of alighting, that determines this specific coverage. 420 So. 2d at 520 (emphasis in original). “Alighting” can be equated with “getting ... off or out of” in the language of the policy in this case; and appellee was in close proximity to the vehicle in time and distance when injured.

We are satisfied that the trial court was correct in its decision; and that the insurer’s narrow view of its obligation is unsatisfactory. We are equally satisfied after a review of a number of decisions, annotated and otherwise, that if the trial court and this court are incorrect, we are both in eminent judicial company.

LETTS, J., concurs.

ANSTEAD, J., dissents with opinion.

Dissent
ANSTEAD, Judge,

ANSTEAD, Judge,

dissenting.

On the narrow issue before us, I cannot agree the injured party in this case was “occupying” the tow truck when he was injured. See Davis v. Fireman’s Fund Ins. Co., 463 So. 2d 1191 (Fla. 2d DCA), rev. denied, 471 So. 2d 43 (Fla.1985); State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Yanes, 447 So. 2d 945 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984). Davis reached the opposite conclusion from that of the majority here, under virtually identical circumstances. I also note the injured party is not completely without relief, since it appears his claim is covered by his own personal automobile insurance policy.


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  • Auto-Owners Ins. Co. v. Above ALL Roofing, LLC, 924 So. 2d 842 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)
  • Auto-Owners Ins. Co. v. Young, 978 So. 2d 850 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008)
    …the insured vehicle at the time of the accident. The trial court denied Appellant’s motion. Appellee then filed a motion for summary judgment. The trial court granted Appellee’s motion, and, relying on Progressive American Insurance Co. v. Tanchuk, 616 So. 2d 489 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993), held that the decedent was “occupying” the insured tow truck at the time of the accident. Subsequently, the [*852] trial court entered a final judgment awarding Appellee $100,000.00 in uninsured motorist benefits. This timely ap…
  • Allstate Ins. Co. v. Thomas, 668 So. 2d 1038 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
    …s “occupying” the insured vehicle. The Allstate policy defined “occupying” as “in, upon, getting in, on, out or off.” The trial court concluded that decedent was occupying the insured truck, relying on Progressive American Insurance Co. v. Tanchuk, 616 So. 2d 489 (Fla. 4th DCA), rev. denied, 624 So. 2d 267 (Fla.1993), in which we found coverage under the same definition of “occupying.” In that case the claimant had hooked up a disabled vehicle to the insured tow truck, and was using the radio in the truck wh…

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