TODD BERENSON AND JULIE R. BERENSON, HIS WIFE, APPELLANTS,
v.
SOUTHERN BAPTIST HOSPITAL OF FLORIDA, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, D/B/A BAPTIST MEDICAL CENTER, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1994-12-08
No. 93-77
ZEHMER, C.J., and KAHN, J., concur., BENTON, J., dissents with written opinion.
646 So. 2d 809 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1994) Positive Treatment
Cited by 7 cases

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Synopsis

Plaintiff Todd Berenson was injured when he fell in a darkened hospital stairwell after the emergency lighting failed during his descent. The court reversed a summary judgment in favor of Southern Baptist Hospital, holding that the hospital failed to meet its burden of conclusively negating all allegations of negligence as required under Florida's summary judgment standards.


Holding

The hospital did not meet its burden on summary judgment. Although evidence of the hospital's negligence may be scant, the nonmoving party has no obligation to present evidence until the moving party conclusively demonstrates that the nonmoving party cannot prevail. The hospital, which controlled both the emergency lighting system and the security guard, failed to conclusively refute allegations of negligence.


Headnotes

[1] A party moving for summary judgment must conclusively negate all allegations and inferences raised by the nonmoving party.

[2] The nonmoving party in a summary judgment proceeding has no obligation to present evidence until the moving party has met its burden of conclusively refuting the nonmovin…

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Key Quotes

“Under the summary judgment procedure utilized in this state, the nonmoving party need make no showing in support of his claim until the moving party has, by affidavit or otherwise, completely negated all allegations and inferences raised by the non-moving party.”

Establishes the foundational standard that the moving party bears the burden of conclusively negating all allegations before the nonmoving party must present evidence.

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Facts & Procedural History

On May 8, 1991, Berenson visited Baptist Medical Center to see a physician. A security guard directed him to use the stairwell because elevators were …

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

On May 8, 1991, appellant Todd Berenson visited appellee’s building, known as Baptist Medical Center, in order to obtain some information from a physician who maintained an office in the medical center. A security guard advised Berenson that the elevators were disabled because of an electricity outage. The guard then directed Berenson to a stairwell which, according to the guard, had emergency lighting. The physician’s office was located on one of the higher floors of the medical center. After climbing some ten flights, Berenson found he had reached the end of his energy reserves and decided to exit the stairwell. After he began his journey back down, the emergency fighting system failed and the interior of the stairwell went completely black. In the darkness Ber-enson missed a step and, in his words, “went flying.” According to interrogatory answers filed by appellee, the emergency fighting was restored within one minute.

Appellee moved for summary judgment, urging that Berenson’s own negligence was as a matter of law the sole proximate cause of the accident. After hearing, the circuit judge entered a summary final judgment in favor of the medical center. Under the summary judgment procedure utilized in this state, the nonmoving party need make no showing in support of his claim until the moving party has, by affidavit or otherwise, completely negated all allegations and inferences raised by the non-moving party. Holl v. Talcott, 191 So. 2d 40, 43 (Fla.1966); Johnson v. Deep South Crane Rentals, Inc., 634 So. 2d 1113 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); Pennco, Inc. v. American General Home Equity, Inc., 629 So. 2d 307 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993).

The nonmoving party is not bound to come forward with any evidence or inferences until the proponent of the motion has met its exceedingly high burden. This burden requires the movant to demonstrate conclusively that the nonmoving party cannot prevail. Gomes v. Stevens, 548 So. 2d 1163 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989).

In the present case, while it may be said that evidence of negligence on the part of the medical center is scant, such is not the controlling inquiry. The order under review is replete with references to Berenson’s failure to establish the medical center’s negligence by any evidence or inference. Berenson, however, had no obligation to come forward with any such evidence or inference. Rather, it was upon appellee, who controlled both the emergency fighting system and the security guard who sent Berenson up the stairwell, to conclusively refute the allegations of negligence. Moore v. Morris, 475 So. 2d 666 (Fla.1985); Wills v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 351 So. 2d 29 (Fla.1977); Washington v. Fleet Mtg. Corp., 631 So. 2d 364 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994).

The eases relied upon by the dissent are not contra. With one exception these cases are plenary appeals from jury verdicts, not involving summary judgment law as it has evolved in this state.

At trial, appellant will have the burden of establishing a prima facie case of negligence in order to be entitled to a jury ruling. Whether he can do that or not, we are unable to say. At this point, however, we conclude that the court below improvidently granted the motion for summary judgment.

REVERSED. ZEHMER, C.J., and KAHN, J., concur. BENTON, J., dissents with written opinion.

Dissent
BENTON, Judge,

BENTON, Judge,

dissenting.

I respectfully dissent. Appellant blames the fall he alleges he took at Baptist Medical Center (Baptist) on the breach of a duty he claims Baptist owed him. Specifically, he alleges that Baptist owed him a duty “to exercise reasonable care to eliminate dangers and defects in the areas of the stairwell,” and that Baptist “knew or should have known that the emergency lighting would have cut off.” If there were evidence that could prove, or from which one might reasonably infer, the truth of either of these allegations, summary judgment would have been improper. As it is, summary judgment was legally correct, and would have been an eminently sensible end for this litigation. The stairs were equipped with hand rails and built to code. There is not so much as a hint of any danger or defect apart from the power failure. Asked to explain his fall, Mr. Berenson testified on deposition, “I might have missed a step, lights were out.”

The lights were indeed out. Answers to interrogatories established:

Lighting in the stairwell was on the “Life Safety branch of powér”, which means if normal power fails, the emergency generator will come on line and provide power to Life, Safety Circuits. On May 8,1991, the normal power did fail and the generator came on providing lighting to the stairwell. After a short time, the emergency generator breaker tripped, but was reset in less than one minute, by Baptist Medical Center Personnel who were on standby at the generator location during power outages.

But the answers to interrogatories also negated plaintiffs contention that Baptist knew or had reason to know that the circuit breaker would trip.

There had been no prior claims, no prior complaint by any invitee, no problems of any kind with the emergency lighting system before this incident, according to the interrogatory answers. Baptist “was in compliance with all State, local and Federal Codes, specifically in compliance with the National Electrical Code, HRS10D-28, and the Life Safety Code NFPA101.” These undisputed facts refute the allegation that Baptist had any reason to anticipate the sudden darkness into which Mr. Berenson was plunged.

In short, the pleadings, depositions and answers to interrogatories on file show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact. None of the undisputed facts support any inference that the brief failure of the emergency lighting was the result of negligence on Baptist’s part. See Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co. v. Hughes Supply, Inc., 358 So. 2d 1339 (Fla.1978). A defendant’s motion for summary judgment does not relieve the plaintiff of his burden of proof in the main ease. While the majority reports that “it may be said that evidence of negligence on the part of the medical center is scant,” the record reflects no such evidence at all.

Summary judgment was properly entered, and should be affirmed. Schaap v. Publix Supermarkets, Inc., 579 So. 2d 831, 834 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991); see also Szilagyi v. North Fla. Hotel Corp., 610 So. 2d 1319, 1322-23 (Fla. 1st DCA 1992) (elevator accident did not establish liability on owner’s part where no evidence demonstrated negligence in maintenance of the elevator); Roffman v. Sears, Roebuck & Co., 522 So. 2d 31 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987) (no evidence that circuit breaker’s tripping was result of defendant’s negligence; jury could not find liability based on res ipsa loquitur).


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  • Bryson v. Branch Banking & Tr. Co., 75 So. 3d 783 (Fla. 2d DCA 2011)
    …, 976 So. 2d 680, 682 (Fla. 2d DCA 2008) (“The burden of proving the existence of genuine issues of material fact does not shift to the opposing party until the moving party has met its burden of proof.”); Berenson v. S. Baptist Hosp. of Fla., Inc., 646 So. 2d 809, 810 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994) (noting that “the nonmoving party need make no showing in support of his claim until the moving party has, by affidavit or otherwise, completely negated all allegations and inferences raised by the nonmoving party”). On sum…
  • …tter of law. See Wills v. Sears, Roebuck & Co. 351 So. 2d 29, 30 (Fla.1977); Holl v. Talcott, 191 So. 2d 40, 43 (Fla.1966); Johnson v. Treasure Coast Plaza, Ltd., 670 So. 2d 1199, 1201 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996); Berenson v. S. Baptist Hosp. of Fla., Inc., 646 So. 2d 809, 810 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); Lenhal Realty, Inc. v. Transamerica Commercial Fin. Corp., 615 So. 2d 207, 208 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993). Summary judgments are reviewed de novo on appeal. See Gasch v. Harris, 808 So. 2d 1260, 1261 (Fla. 4th DCA 2002). On review…
  • Lake SUE Dev. Co., Inc. v. Keewin Real Prop. Co., 950 So. 2d 1280 (Fla. 5th DCA 2007)
    …s position until the moving party has, by affidavit or otherwise, completely negated all allegations and inferences raised by the nonmov-ing party. See Holl v. Talcott, 191 So. 2d 40, 43 (Fla. 1966); Berenson v. Southern Baptist Hosp. of Fla., Inc., 646 So. 2d 809, 810 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); Pennco, Inc. v. American Gen. Home Equity, Inc., 629 So. 2d 307 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993). The nonmoving party is not bound to come forward with any evidence or inferences until the proponent of the motion has met its high burden.…

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