ANTHONY TYRONE GOOCH, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1995-03-17
No. 93-912
BOOTH, JOANOS and MINER, JJ., concur.
652 So. 2d 1189 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1995) Positive Treatment
Cited by 13 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

The trial court did not err in refusing to give a modified jury instruction defining 'weapon' because the added phrase 'under the circumstances' did not significantly alter the standard instruction.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court does not err in refusing to modify a standard jury instruction defining "weapon" when the requested modification adds general terms that do not significantl…

[2] Whether an air or gas operated gun qualifies as a deadly weapon is a question for the jury, depending on the manner in which it is used or capable of being used.

Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

Appellant was convicted of armed robbery after pointing a BB gun at a McDonald's employee and demanding money. The trial court refused to give a modif…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

In this direct appeal from conviction and sentence for armed robbery, we consider whether the trial court erred in refusing to give a modified version of the standard jury instruction defining the term “weapon.” We conclude that no error occurred and affirm.

Appellant was charged with armed robbery with a weapon in violation of section 812.13(2)(b), Florida Statutes, arising out of the following incident. At 6:10 AM on February 26, 1991, a man came to the drive-through window at a McDonald’s restaurant in Jacksonville. Lampkins, who was working at the window, identified appellant as that person. He ordered a sausage biscuit, and after Lampkins told him the cost, he reached under the driver’s seat and produced a gun. He pointed the gun at her and said to hurry up and give him all the money or he’d blow her brains out. According to Lampkins, he did not shoot the gun or try to get out of the car; he pointed the gun at her body, not her face; and he did not raise the gun as if to strike her with it.

Lampkins opened her cash register and gave appellant some of the money. He drove away and she told her manager what had happened. She gave a description of the vehicle he was driving to police, who apprehended appellant a short time later. The officer took an unloaded air-powered pump BB gun from the car. Appellant requested, in writing, a special jury instruction defining the term “weapon”: “A weapon is legally defined to mean any object that, under the circumstances, could be used to cause death or inflict serious bodily harm.” The court declined to give that instruction, but instead gave the standard instruction, which is identical to the instruction requested except it does not include the words “under the circumstances.” Appellant contends the trial court erred in failing to modify the standard jury instruction because it does not correctly state the applicable law, citing Cruse v. State, 588 So. 2d 983 (Fla.1991), and Yohn v. State, 476 So. 2d 123 (Fla.1985).

See also Steele v. State, 561 So. 2d 638 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990) (“[wjhile the standard jury instructions are intended to assist the trial court in its responsibility to charge the jury on the applicable law, the instructions are intended only as a guide, and can in no wise relieve the trial court of its responsibility to charge the jury correctly in each case”).

During closing arguments, defense counsel argued vigorously that the BB gun was not capable of causing death or great bodily harm, rather it was an unloaded air pistol, which had been pointed at the victim’s body rather than her face, and that appellant did not attempt to use the BB gun as a bludgeon, nor could he have, since he was inside his car and the victim was up in the drive-through window.

Appellant contends the error in refusing to give the requested modified standard instruction defining weapon was compounded because, in its closing argument, the State argued it did not matter whether the BB gun was loaded and that nothing prevented appellant from striking the victim with the BB gun.

Appellant argues that, in effect, the State informed the jury that the BB gun was per se a weapon, which is contrary to the law. Defense objections to these statements were overruled.

Appellee responds that the language “under the circumstances” added nothing to the standard jury instruction defining weapon and did not represent a change in the law. Appellee asserts that whether the BB gun was a weapon under the circumstances was a matter for the defense to present evidence on and argue to the jury, which it did.

In Depasquale v. State, 438 So. 2d 159 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983), the court defined a BB gun as “an air or gas operated gun designed to expel lead or other metallic shot,” and concluded such a gun is a weapon because it “possesses the capability of inflicting great bodily harm” and therefore meets the definition of deadly weapon 1. Subsequent court decisions indicate that whether such an air or gas operated gun is a deadly weapon depends on the manner in which it is used, and whether it will be classified as a deadly weapon is a question for the jury. See Lynn v. State, 567 So. 2d 1043 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990) (air pellet pistol), State v. Jeffers, 490 So. 2d 968 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986) (pellet riñe), Duba v. State, 446 So. 2d 1167 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984) (air pistol; whether a deadly weapon depends on manner in which used or capable of being used).

But see Emschwiller v. State, 443 So. 2d 488 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984).

Cf Bass v. State, 232 So. 2d 25 (Fla. 1st DCA 1970) (unloaded gun can be deadly weapon; whether weapon involved is deadly to be resolved by jury).

Defense counsel is entitled to argue to the' jury that the BB gun is not a deadly weapon because of the manner in which it is used. Duba.

We conclude the trial court did not err in failing to modify the standard jury instruction as requested in this case. We are not convinced the addition of the general terms “under the circumstances” to the standard instruction defining “weapon” would have significantly altered the standard instruction.

AFFIRMED.

BOOTH, JOANOS and MINER, JJ., concur. . A weapon is defined by statute as any "dirk, metallic knuckles, slungshot, billie, tear gas gun, chemical weapon or device, or any other deadly weapon except a firearm or common pocket knife.” Section 790.001(13), Fla.Stat.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Dale v. State, 703 So. 2d 1045 (Fla. 1997)
    …que firearm unless the antique firearm is used in the commission of a crime. § 790.001(6), Fla. Stat. (1995). . See, e.g., Dale v. State, 669 So. 2d 1112 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996) (whether a BB gun is a deadly weapon is a jury question); Gooch v. State, 652 So. 2d 1189 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995) (whether a BB gun is a deadly weapon is a jury question); State v. Jeffers, 490 So. 2d 968 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986) (whether a pellet gun is a deadly weapon is a jury question); Duba v. State, 446 So. 2d 1167 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984) (whet…
  • Mitchell v. State, 698 So. 2d 555 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997)
    …med in the barrel and a CO 2 cartridge was missing. The court held that the deadliness of the weapon was a jury question, but noted that the evidence supported the possibility that the gun was operable at the time of the offense. In Gooch v. State, 652 So. 2d 1189 (Fla. 1st DCA), review denied, 659 So. 2d 1086 (Fla.1995), the First District considered a jury instruction issue in an armed robbery ease where the defendant was apprehended shortly after a robbery, and an unloaded air-powered pump BB gun was found…
  • Nystrom v. State, 777 So. 2d 1013 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)
    …ier of fact, must determine whether the accused is guilty of the crime based upon the particular knife involved and the circumstances surrounding the accused’s carrying of it. See State v. A.D.H., 429 So. 2d 1316 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983); Gooch v. State, 652 So. 2d 1189 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995). As requested by Mr. Nystrom, the jury instructions should have inserted “deadly weapon” in the section calling for “(weapon alleged).” The jury should also have received instruction on the definition of “deadly weapon.” As give…

Previewing 3 of 7 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw