HEIDI COOKE SMITH, APPELLANT,
v.
FLOYD THOMAS SMITH, JR., APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 1995-06-02
No. 94-345
PETERSON, J., concurs., HARRIS, C.J., dissents, with opinion.
655 So. 2d 1267 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1995) Caution
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

In a dissolution of marriage proceeding, the Fifth District Court of Appeal affirmed the trial court's permanent periodic alimony award of $1,200 per month and attorney's fees allocation, but reversed the determination that two certificates of deposit totaling $35,000 were non-marital assets, finding the husband had failed to properly plead this issue and thereby obtained relief not prayed for in his pleadings.


Holding

The court held that the trial court erred in determining the CDs were non-marital assets because the husband failed to plead them as such, and the CDs must be considered marital property subject to equitable distribution. The court affirmed the alimony award of $1,200 per month as not constituting an abuse of discretion, and affirmed the allocation requiring each party to pay their own attorney's fees and costs.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court lacks jurisdiction to determine that assets are non-marital when the pleadings and pre-trial representations established them as marital assets.

[2] A party may not present evidence to obtain relief not prayed for in the pleadings, especially over objection, without amending the pleadings to conform to the evidence.

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Key Quotes

“To allow the husband to receive the CD's as non-marital assets would be to reward the husband for 'sandbagging' the wife.”

Establishes the equitable principle underlying the reversal of the non-marital asset determination

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Facts & Procedural History

The husband is a quadriplegic veteran disabled since 1967, dependent on others for care, with monthly income from VA disability ($5,046) and Social Se…

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Opinion of the Court
THOMPSON, Judge.

THOMPSON, Judge.

Heidi Cooke Smith (“wife”) appeals the lower court’s final judgment dissolving her marriage to Floyd Thomas Smith, Jr. (“husband”). The wife argues on appeal that the trial court erred by declaring that two certificates of deposits were non-marital assets, by awarding her an insufficient amount of alimony, and by not awarding her attorney’s fees and costs. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

The husband is a quadriplegic and was disabled throughout the marriage. He was injured in a car accident while enlisted in the armed forces in 1967 and has been confined to a wheelchair since that time. He is totally dependent on others for his care. The wife married the husband in February 1978. During the marriage, the wife provided daily home care for the husband. The wife was unemployed at the time of the marriage and worked part-time as a travel agent during the marriage. The husband’s sources of income consist of disability compensation from the Veteran’s Administration (“VA”) in the sum of $5,046 per month and Social Security disability of $358 per month. The VA pays the husband these sums to enable him to pay for home health care and to compensate him for his disability. The primary issue on appeal is the ownership of two certificates of deposit (“CD’s”) which total $35,000.

The husband’s petition for dissolution of marriage requested the trial court to enter a final judgment granting him equitable distri-button of the marital assets and liabilities. In her answer and counter-petition, the wife sought an equitable distribution of the assets and liabilities of the parties, as well as an equitable distribution of the marital assets titled in the husband’s sole name. There is no dispute that the CD’s were purchased with funds from a home that the husband owned in Vermont, prior to the marriage, that was purchased with a VA grant. After the parties were married, the home was sold and the monies were placed in CD’s and a money market account in the husband’s name. Later, the husband used $35,000 of these funds to purchase a mobile home which was jointly titled in the names of the husband and the wife. The parties resided in the mobile home until their separation. The mobile home was specifically manufactured to accommodate the husband’s disabilities. The remainder of the monies, $35,000, was left in two CD’s and a money market account in the husband’s name alone.

The wife argues that the husband did not allege in his petition that the CD’s were non-marital assets to be set aside to him. Further, when the husband answered the wife’s counter-petition, he admitted “that there are assets titled in each parties’ [sic] sole name which are wholly or partially marital assets and which require distribution” by the court, and did not assert the affirmative defense that the CD’s were not marital property. Additionally, the husband’s pre-trial memorandum and memorandum filed to comply with the pre-trial order listed the assets subject to the trial court’s jurisdiction, and included the two CD’s as jointly-titled assets.

At trial, however, the husband attempted to show that the CD’s were non-marital assets. Under direct examination, the husband testified as to the source of the funds for the CD’s. The wife strenuously objected, arguing that the husband was modifying the issues at trial as set by his pleadings and the pre-trial order. Although the husband did not attempt to modify his pleadings to conform to the evidence presented,1 the trial court specifically found that the CD’s were non-marital assets and set them aside to the husband in the final judgment.

We conclude that this finding was error.

Section 61.075, Florida Statutes (1993), allows the trial court to set apart each spouse’s non-marital assets and then to equitably divide the marital assets. The wife argues that the CD’s were not subject to being set apart because they never were pled as non-marital assets.

We agree. The pleadings and representations made by the parties to the court prior to trial established that the CD’s were marital assets; therefore, the trial court had no jurisdiction to determine that the CD’s wei'e non-marital assets, and the husband should not have been permitted, over the wife’s objection, to present evidence to obtain relief that he did not pray for in his pleadings. See Griffin v. Griffin, 463 So. 2d 569, 573 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985); Oakley v. Oakley, 439 So. 2d 1044, 1044 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983); Defreitas v. Defreitas, 398 So. 2d 991, 992 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981).

The wife was placed at a severe disadvantage when the husband offered this evidence, as she was not prepared to offer evidence to controvert the husband’s testimony. To allow the husband to receive the CD’s as non-marital assets would be to reward the husband for “sandbagging” the wife. Accordingly, we vacate that part of the final judgment which awards the husband the CD’s and remand with instructions that the CD’s be considered marital property and, therefore, subject to equitable distribution.

We find no error, however, in the trial judge’s permanent periodic alimony award of $1,200 per month to the wife.

The trial court made a factual determination that the husband was a quadriplegic and would need 24-hour medical care for the rest of his life. The husband and wife were able to maintain their lifestyle because the wife provided extensive home health care for the husband. This assistance allowed the husband to use his disability income to support the wife and allowed them to travel extensively and purchase assets, such as a mobile home, a boat, and automobiles. Because of the dissolution of the parties’ marriage, the husband will have a decrease in income of $105 and an increase in expenses because he will have to pay for home health care. The husband is unable to care for himself and needs a full-time caretaker in order to survive. In this regard, the record contains expert testimony that the husband will require a live-in home health aide to care for him. The expert, a visiting home nurse, presented the trial court with proposed expenses for this care.

Under these circumstances, the trial court did not abuse its discretion when it established the amount of alimony awarded to the wife. See Canakaris v. Canakaris, 382 So. 2d 1197, 1202-03 (Fla.1980).

We note that it is the wife’s burden to show that the trial court’s judgment, taken as a whole, constitutes an abuse of discretion. See Hamlet v. Hamlet, 583 So. 2d 654, 657 (Fla.1991). Here, the wife has not shown that her needs require a larger amount of alimony than that which the court awarded her. Doubtless, both parties will suffer a decrease in their standards of living; however, the wife has the ability to work, while the husband cannot work due to his quadriplegia. As the trial court’s factual findings are supported by substantial competent evidence, we affirm that part of the final judgment awarding the wife $1,200 per month permanent periodic alimony.

We also conclude that the trial court did not err by requiring the wife to pay her attorney’s fees and costs. Even before remand, the trial court’s final judgment left both parties in substantially the same financial position. Although the husband has more monthly income after the dissolution than the wife, $3,800 compared to the wife’s $1,200, the husband also has considerably higher monthly expenses than the wife. Because both parties are equally able to pay their fees and costs, we affirm that part of the final judgment requiring the parties to pay their own attorney’s fees. Lowry v. Lowry, 512 So. 2d 1142 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987); Blankenship v. Blankenship, 502 So. 2d 1002 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987).

AFFIRMED IN PART; VACATED IN PART; AND REMANDED.

PETERSON, J., concurs.

HARRIS, C.J., dissents, with opinion.

. See Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.190(b).

Dissent
HARRIS, Chief Judge,

HARRIS, Chief Judge,

dissenting.

I respectfully dissent.

Clearly the CDs were non-marital assets and there is nothing the wife could offer to rebut that fact. I would affirm the trial court in all respects.


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  • Vidal Herrera v. Elbanile Herrera, 673 So. 2d 143 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)
    …Kimm, 650 So. 2d 1119 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995); Ingle v. Ingle, 640 So. 2d 223 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994); Plyler v. Plyler, 622 So. 2d 573 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993); § 61.075(3), Fla.Stat. (Supp.1994). . Schütz v. Schütz, 581 So. 2d 1290 (Fla.1991); Smith v. Smith, 655 So. 2d 1267 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995); Fast v. Fast, 654 So. 2d 958 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 663 So. 2d 630 (Fla. 1995); Cloud v. Cloud, 638 So. 2d 1038 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994); [*144] Sandstrom v. Sandstrom, 617 So. 2d 327 (Fla. 4th DCA), rev. denied, 629 So. 2d 135…
  • Johnson v. Johnson, 979 So. 2d 350 (Fla. 5th DCA 2008)
    …Wife because Wife failed to allege in her pleadings that the property was a non-marital asset and failed to indicate in her case management statement that there were non-marital assets to be determined by the court. Husband relies on Smith v. Smith, 655 So. 2d 1267 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995) to support his position. [*352] Such reliance is misplaced because Smith is factually distinguishable. In Smith, Husband requested, in his petition for dissolution, that the trial court enter a final judgment granting equitable…
  • Vick v. Vick, 675 So. 2d 714 (Fla. 5th DCA 1996)
    …ned the former wife’s fees and costs based upon an affidavit filed by her counsel during closing argument. This was error. The stipulation by the parties removed the issue of attorney’s fees from contention at the time of trial. See Smith v. Smith, 655 So. 2d 1267, 1269 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995). Since the determination of fees and costs related to a matter which the parties properly could stipulate, the trial court was bound by the pretrial stipulation.1 Steiner v. Steiner, 638 So. 2d 174, 175 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994);…

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