STATE OF FLORIDA, PETITIONER,
v.
PAMELA Y. COLBERT, RESPONDENT

Fla. | 1995-09-21
No. 85047
OVERTON, SHAW, KOGAN, HARDING and ANSTEAD, JJ., concur., WELLS, J., concurs with an opinion.
660 So. 2d 701 Florida Supreme Court (1995) Negative Treatment
Cited by 42 cases

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Synopsis

The Florida Supreme Court held that trial judges must provide written reasons for upward departure sentences contemporaneously with oral pronouncement at sentencing, and that a five-day delay in reducing oral reasons to writing constitutes reversible error. The Court rejected arguments that this formal requirement should yield to substance-over-form considerations.


Holding

Yes. The Court held that written reasons for departure sentences must be provided contemporaneously with sentencing, and the five-day delay between oral pronouncement and written filing constitutes reversible error requiring vacation and re-sentencing.


Headnotes

[1] Written reasons for a departure sentence must be provided contemporaneously with the sentencing.

[2] A trial court's failure to contemporaneously file written reasons for a departure sentence is reversible error for crimes committed prior to January 1, 1994.

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Key Quotes

“[QUOTE REDACTED — failed verbatim audit (paraphrase, not verbatim). See original_text for the text as originally displayed.]”

Established principle from Harris v. State cited by State but rejected as basis for overruling Ree; Court held formal requirements still apply

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Facts & Procedural History

Pamela Colbert was convicted of first-degree murder, kidnapping, and robbery. At the November 23, 1992 sentencing hearing, the trial judge orally anno…

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Opinion of the Court
GRIMES, Chief Justice.

GRIMES, Chief Justice.

We review Colbert v. State, 646 So. 2d 234, 235 (Fla. 5th DCA1994), in which the district court of appeal certified the following question as one of great public importance:

IN LIGHT OF THE COURT’S RECOGNITION IN HARRIS v. STATE [645 So. 2d 386] (FLA.1994), THAT SENTENCING IS NOT A GAME IN WHICH ONE WRONG MOVE BY THE JUDGE MEANS IMMUNITY FOR THE PRISONER, IS IT STILL PER SE REVERSIBLE ERROR WHERE A TRIAL COURT ORALLY PRONOUNCES DEPARTURE REASONS AT SENTENCING BUT DOES NOT REDUCE THEM TO WRITING UNTIL FIVE BUSINESS DAYS LATER[?]

We have jurisdiction pursuant to article V, section 3(b)(4) of the Florida Constitution.

Pamela Y. Colbert was convicted of first-degree murder, kidnapping, and robbery. At the sentencing hearing on November 23, 1992, the trial judge announced an upward departure from the sentencing guidelines as to Colbert’s kidnapping conviction. The judge orally pronounced his reasons for departure at the hearing, but did not sign the written reasons for the departure until December 1, 1992. The written reasons, which were substantially the same as the oral reasons, were filed the next day, nunc pro tunc November 23, 1992.

The district court of appeal affirmed Colbert’s convictions without discussion. Colbert v. State, 646 So. 2d 234 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994). However, because the trial judge did not file contemporaneous written reasons for the departure sentence, the court vacated the kidnapping sentence and remanded for re-sentencing pursuant to Ree v. State, 565 So. 2d 1329 (Fla.1990). Thereafter, the court granted the State’s petition for rehearing for the purpose of certifying the foregoing question.

In Ree, this Court held that written reasons for departure sentences had to be provided contemporaneously with the sentencing. Subsequently, in a different context, we cited with approval a statement that sentencing should not be a game in which a wrong move by a judge means immunity for the prisoner. Harris v. State, 645 So. 2d 386, 388 (Fla.1994). The State argues that this comment mandates that we recede from Ree so as to avoid placing form over substance. We disagree.

While some may question the wisdom of Ree, we find no reason to second-guess that decision today. Our holding in Ree was the logical extension of our earlier decisions in State v. Jackson, 478 So. 2d 1054 (Fla.1985), and State v. Oden, 478 So. 2d 51 (Fla.1985). The arguments the State asserts were well understood at the time of the Ree decision. As later explained in State v. Lyles, 576 So. 2d 706 (Fla.1991), Ree was intended to address the concern that if written reasons for departure are not promptly filed, the decision to appeal might have to be made without the benefit of these reasons. There have been no intervening circumstances dictating that we should abruptly reject the position we unanimously adopted in Ree. Furthermore, section 921.0016(l)(c), Florida Statutes (1993), and Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.702(d)(18) now relax the requirements of Ree for crimes committed after January 1, 1994.1 We find no reason to overrule Ree for crimes committed prior to that date.2

Accordingly, we answer the certified question in the affirmative and approve the decision below.

It is so ordered.

OVERTON, SHAW, KOGAN, HARDING and ANSTEAD, JJ., concur. WELLS, J., concurs with an opinion.

. Section 921.0016(l)(c) and rule 3.702(d)(18) allow written reasons for departure which were orally stated at sentencing to be filed within fifteen days of sentencing. Section 921.0016 and rule 3.702 apply to sentencing for crimes committed on or after January 1, 1994.

. Colbert's crimes were committed before January 1, 1994.

Concurrence
WELLS, Justice,

WELLS, Justice,

concurring.

I write to acknowledge that I am among those to whom the majority refers as having questions as to Ree v. State, 565 So. 2d 1329 (Fla.1990). I also have serious concerns about Pope v. State, 561 So. 2d 554 (Fla.1990). I do not believe the sanction of not allowing a departure from a sentencing guideline upon reversal based upon a procedural sentencing error conforms with the proper administration of justice.

However, since section 921.0016(l)(c) and rule 3.702(d)(18) now allow fifteen days in which to file the written reasons for departure, I believe to answer the certified question differently than the answer given by the majority would cause more confusion in what has been too unsettled for too long.


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Citator

Cited By (20 total)

  • Maddox v. State, 760 So. 2d 89 (Fla. 2000)
    …al error. We recognize that pri- or to the Act, we found that the failure to file any written reasons for departure and the failure to timely file written reasons for departure were “closely related.” Davis, 661 So. 2d at 1196; see State v. Colbert, 660 So. 2d 701, 702 (Fla.1995) (reversing departure sentence where trial judge orally announced written reasons for departure but did not file written reasons for five business days); Ree v. State, 565 So. 2d 1329, 1331 (Fla.1990) (reversing where written reasons…
  • Pease v. State, 712 So. 2d 374 (Fla. 1997)
    …ertain decision) applies in both directions. I believe that Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.702(d)(18) (1994) has set forth a' proper procedure which this Court should apply to both upward and downward departure sentences. See State v. Colbert, 660 So. 2d 701, 702-03 (Fla.1995) (Wells, J., concurring). GRIMES and HARDING, JJ., concur.…
    1 / 2
  • Jordan v. State, 728 So. 2d 748 (Fla. 3d DCA 1998)
    …rder was not filed in the clerk’s office, according to the clerk’s stamp, until June 26, 1997 — twenty-two days later. Since that was beyond seven days, defendant argues that the departure order is invalid and must be reversed. See State v. Colbert, 660 So. 2d 701 (Fla.1995). However, the defendant never presented this claim to the trial court, and seeks to raise it for the first time on appeal. As part of the Criminal Appeal Reform Act of 1996 (the “Reform Act”),5 the Legislature enacted section 924.051, Fl…
    1 / 2

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