GREGORY E. DIXON, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
Dixon challenges the timeliness of his Rule 3.850 postconviction motion seeking retroactive application of Hale v. State to modify consecutive habitual offender sentences. The court affirms the denial as untimely under Callaway but certifies a question to the Florida Supreme Court regarding whether the two-year filing deadline should run from Hale or Callaway.
The motion is untimely under Callaway because it was filed more than two years from the Hale decision (the deadline ran until February 9, 1996), even though it was filed within two years of Callaway. However, the court certifies a question of great public importance to the Florida Supreme Court regarding whether the timing rule should be applied differently when a defendant's earlier motion was denied before retroactivity was established.
[1] A motion for postconviction relief seeking the retroactive benefit of a supreme court decision must be filed within the time prescribed by law, even if the motion is file…
[2] The two-year period for seeking postconviction relief based on a supreme court decision announcing retroactivity runs from the date of the supreme court's decision, not f…
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Defendant is thus in the position of having raised the Hale issue both too early and too late.”
Describes the procedural dilemma created by the timing of Callaway's retroactivity ruling, establishing the core problem the certified question addresses.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceDixon received consecutive habitual offender sentences in 1991, and his conviction was affirmed in 1992. He filed an initial Rule 3.850 motion based o…
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Timeliness Of Postconviction Motions cases and more on FLexlaw
On Motion for Rehearing
COPE, Judge.
On consideration of the motion for rehearing, we amplify our opinion and certify a question to the Florida Supreme Court.
Defendant was given consecutive habitual offender sentences in 1991 and his conviction was affirmed in 1992. Dixon v. State, 605 So. 2d 179 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992). After the decision in Hale v. State, 630 So. 2d 521 (Fla. 1993), cert. denied, 513 U.S. 909, 115 S.Ct. 278, 130 L.Ed.2d 195 (1994), defendant filed a motion for posteonvietion relief under Rule 3.850, contending that he was entitled to have his consecutive habitual offender sentences modified to be concurrent. The Rule 3.850 motion was denied and the denial was affirmed on appeal. Dixon v. State, 652 So. 2d 827 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995).
On July 20, 1995, the Florida Supreme Court announced State v. Callaway, 658 So. 2d 983 (Fla.1995), which held that Hale would be applied retroactively. 658 So. 2d at 987. Callaway provided that relief must be sought under Rule 3.850, and that the two-year period for seeking such relief would run from the decision in Hale. 658 So. 2d at 987-88. Counting the time from the denial of rehearing in Hale on February 9, 1994, the two-year period ran until February 9, 1996. See Lock v. State, 668 So. 2d 1081, 1081 n. 1 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996).
Defendant filed his post-Callaway Rule 3.850motion on August 11, 1996. The motion was therefore untimely because it was filed more than two years from the Hale decision — although it was within two years after the date of Callaway.
Defendant is thus in the position of having raised the Hale issue both too early and too late. His initial Rule 3.850 motion raised the Hale issue, but did so at a time when Hale had not been held to be retroactive. The 3.850motion was denied without opinion, and the most reasonable explanation for that denial is the assumption that Hale would not be retroactive.
Thereafter, Callaway held that Hale would be applied retroactively. However, since the two-year time interval was established to run from the date of the Hale decision, rather than Callaway, this left only a six and one-half-month interval after Callaway for the filing of Rule 3.850 motions. Defendant’s August 1996 motion therefore came too late.
The Callaway decision itself stated that the purpose of allowing retroactive treatment was to allow correction of sentences for those “sentenced during the six-year window between the amendment of section 775.084 and the decision in Hale_” 658 So. 2d at 987. Callaway’s calculation of the window may be frustrating the intent, owing to the short window period following the announcement of Callaway.
Because Callaway is clear, we adhere to our previous ruling denying defendant’s Rule 3.850motion. We certify the following question of great public importance:
WHETHER APPELLANT’S RULE 3.850 MOTION SEEKING RETROACTIVE BENEFIT OF HALE V. STATE, 630 So. 2d 521 (Fla.1993), SHOULD BE DEEMED TIMELY FILED WHERE: (1) APPELLANT SOUGHT HADE RELIEF PRIOR TO THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF CALLAWAY, AND RELIEF WAS DENIED; AND (2) APPELLANT FILED ANOTHER MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF, BASED ON HALE, WITHIN TWO YEARS AFTER CALLAWAY WAS ANNOUNCED.
Because under Callaway the 3.850 motion is time-barred, we do not reach the merits of the parties’ respective positions.
Rehearing denied; question certified.1,2
. The State argues that the pre-Callaway denial of defendant's Rule 3.850 motion bars defendant from again raising the claim. We do not think that such a bar can reasonably be applied where, as here, the most likely explanation for the denial was the belief that Hale was not retroactive and where, subsequent to the denial of 3.850 relief, the Florida Supreme Court announced in Calla-way that the Hale decision would be made retroactive. See State v. Owen, 696 So. 2d 715 (Fla. 1997).
. Defense counsel advised this court that, while the state of the trial court record is unclear, defendant may have another postconviction Hale-based motion which would be timely under Callaway and has not yet been finally ruled upon. The present opinion is without prejudice to such rights as the defendant may have with respect to any other postconviction motion.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
-
Dixon v. State, 730 So. 2d 265 (Fla. 1999)…IEF PRIOR TO THE ANNOUNCEMENT OF [STATE V.] CALLAWAY [658 So. 2d 983 (Fla.1995)], AND RELIEF WAS DENIED; AND (2) APPELLANT FILED ANOTHER MOTION FOR POSTCONVICTION RELIEF, BASED ON HALE, WITHIN TWO YEARS AFTER CALLAWAY WAS ANNOUNCED. Dixon v. State, 697 So. 2d 966, 967 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997). We have jurisdiction, see art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const., and we rephrase the certified question as follows: WHETHER A DEFENDANT’S RULE 3.850 MOTION SEEKING THE RETROACTIVE APPLICATION OF HALE WAS TIMELY WHEN FILED WITHIN T…1 / 2
-
Griffin Dukes v. State, 703 So. 2d 498 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997)…d Gentry v. State, 659 So. 2d 490 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995), that the two years for filing a Hale claim by 3.850 motion, commenced on October 14, 1993, the date the Hale opinion was issued. We recognize, that the Third District has held in Dixon v. State, 697 So. 2d 966 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997),2 that the two years runs from the date the Florida Supreme Court denied rehearing. Although Dukes’ motion would still be untimely under either of these dates, and we find no authority for using the date Dukes advocates, we certif…
-
Short v. State, 697 So. 2d 1312 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997)…On Rehearing and Clarification PER CURIAM. Affirmed, and certified to the Supreme Court so as to pair it for review with Dixon v. State, 697 So. 2d 966 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997).…
Authorities Cited
- Hale v. State, 630 So. 2d 521 (Fla. 1993)
- State v. Callaway, 658 So. 2d 983 (Fla. 1995)
- State v. Owen, 696 So. 2d 715 (Fla. 1997)
- Snead v. United States, 513 U.S. 909 (U.S. 1994)
- Blanc v. United States, 513 U.S. 909 (U.S. 1994)
- Lock v. State, 668 So. 2d 1081 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996)
- Johnson v. State, 605 So. 2d 179 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992)