KERRY AUSTIN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1997-09-10
No. 96-2460
DELL and STEVENSON, JJ., concur.
700 So. 2d 1233 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1997) Caution
Cited by 19 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Kerry Austin was convicted of aggravated assault, throwing a deadly missile into a building, and resisting arrest. On appeal, Austin challenged the trial court's denial of a mid-trial continuance and the court's overruling of an objection to a prosecutorial closing argument, both of which the appellate court rejected and affirmed the conviction.


Holding

The trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the continuance because the officer's testimony would have been merely impeaching on a minor point rather than critical to the defense. The prosecutor's closing argument was not an improper comment on Austin's failure to testify but rather a lawful response to the defense's opening statement assertion that Austin did not throw the rock.


Headnotes

[1] A mid-trial continuance is not an abuse of discretion when the testimony of the absent witness would only serve to impeach the victim on a minor point and is not critical…

[2] A person who intentionally throws a missile at a building with the primary purpose of striking a person in or near the building violates statutes prohibiting throwing a d…

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Key Quotes

“The most that the vacationing officer's testimony would add is impeachment of the victim's testimony on a minor point.”

Establishes why the continuance denial was not an abuse of discretion—the missing testimony was not critical to Austin's defense.

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Facts & Procedural History

Austin approached a woman he knew outside a store to discuss a hit-and-run accident. When she refused to talk and turned toward the store, Austin thre…

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Opinion of the Court
STONE, Chief Judge.

STONE, Chief Judge.

We affirm Appellant’s conviction and sentence on counts of aggravated assault, throwing a deadly missile into a building, and resisting arrest. Appellant seeks reversal on two issues: the trial court’s denial of a mid-trial continuance, and the court’s overruling of an objection to a comment by the state in closing argument that Appellant construes as a comment on his failure to testify.

At trial, the victim stated that she was approached by Appellant, whom she had known for years, outside a store. Appellant wanted to talk about a hit-and-run accident involving a mutual friend, but she did not want to discuss it and turned towards the store. She then looked back at Appellant and saw his hand in the air and a piece of concrete flying towards her; she ducked, the object shattered the store window, and a flying piece of glass cut her in the head.

The store owner testified that she was inside the store, heard the argument, saw a man’s hand go up and saw the glass break. She found the piece of concrete block on the floor with the broken glass. When the officers subsequently confronted Appellant at his home, he put up a struggle.

The mid-trial continuance was sought because one of the arresting officers, not subpoenaed by the defense, was out of town. At one time he had been under state subpoena but was released. The reason asserted in requesting the continuance was the defense’s contention, based on an inadmissible arrest report, that the victim stated to the officer that the rock bounced off her shoulder before striking the window. At trial, and in deposition, the victim contended that she was not struck by the object that shattered the window because she ducked.

We have considered Mitchell v. State, 580 So. 2d 852 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991), but deem it inapposite. In Mitchell, as here, the defense was surprised when a witness under a state subpoena was released from the subpoena just prior to trial. There, however, the defense had tried to serve a subpoena on the desired witness but was unable to locate him. Mitchell was charged with robbing a bank, and the essential issue was whether the bank teller had correctly identified him. The absent witness had been at the bank and had recognized and spoken to the robber but had told investigating officers that he did not know Mitchell. The absent witness’ testimony, therefore, was crucial to whether Mitchell was the person who had been at the bank. The Second District held this witness was “so critical a witness to appellant’s identity as the accused robber that to deny appellant an opportunity to present that testimony to the jury was, under the circumstances of this case, a palpable abuse of discretion.” Id. at 854.

In this case, however, the most that the vacationing officer’s testimony would add is impeachment of the victim’s testimony on a minor point. Appellant argues that the point is important because, if the jury believed that Appellant first struck the victim with the rock and it bounced off her body before smashing the window, then Appellant could not have violated section 790.19, according to In Interest of J.G., 655 So. 2d 1284 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995). That ease held that the intent to strike a person could not be transferred into the specific intent to damage certain property required by the criminal mischief statute. Id. at 1285.

We deem J.G. inapposite. Opinions interpreting section 790.19, Florida Statutes, have resolved that a person who “intentionally shoots at, within, or into a building for the primary purpose, or with the specific intent, of shooting at a person in or near the building” has violated section 790.19. Skinner v. State, 450 So. 2d 595, 596 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984) (emphasis added); Smith v. State, 463 So. 2d 542, 545-46 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985). This reasoning applies equally to a thrown missile. Additionally, the missing officer’s testimony would not have added anything regarding this issue, as the evidence presented at trial was that Appellant was throwing the rock at the victim. Therefore, the testimony was not critical.

With respect to the final argument issue, the state’s comment in question was:

The only testimony and, again, think about what the opening statement was, what the defense told you where the case was going. The opening statement was: The defendant never threw a rock. Did you ever hear anything from this stand but the fact that that man threw a rock? You have no testimony from this stand that indicates otherwise.

In this case, defense counsel, in opening statement, asserted that Appellant did not throw the rock. Certainly, if the prosecutor’s remarks imply that Appellant should have testified, the remarks are improper. In the opening statement, defense counsel had stated:

When [Appellant] approached [the victim] and asked her about this incident, she became enraged and violent. [Appellant] never threw a brick at [the victim]. He never got — he never became violent. She was the only one that became violent. There were other people in front of Dorothy’s Convenience Store at the time. .[Appellant] did leave the area and go home.

The trial court did not err in construing the prosecutor’s statement as not being a comment on Appellant’s failure to testify. Rather, it was a response to the defense assertion that Appellant did not throw the rock. The prosecution could lawfully respond that the defense argument is not what the evidence shows, by reminding the jury that all of the testimony was to the contrary and that the victim’s testimony was confirmed by the store owner who saw a man commit the offense. See Mitchell v. State, 678 So. 2d 1362, 1363 (Fla. 1st DCA), rev. denied, 686 So. 2d 580 (Fla.1996) (stating in dicta that the prosecutor’s closing remarks were an invited, fair reply'to defense counsel’s remarks and did not constitute prejudicial error when considered in context); Crowley v. State, 558 So. 2d 529, 530-31 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990); Romero v. State, 435 So. 2d 318 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983). We note that the defense was not denying Appellant’s presence or that the communication had occurred. Neither do we interpret the state’s comments as misleading the jury as to the burden of proof. Vazquez v. State, 635 So. 2d 1088 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994). The state has a right, and even a duty, to respond to the defense’s suggestion. To ignore it gives it credence. Under the circumstances, the prosecutor’s comment was not improperly stated. The prosecutor made no mention of either the defendant or defense witnesses, or any duty to present the same.

Additionally, if this comment was improper, we deem it harmless error. State v. DiGuilio, 491 So. 2d 1129 (Fla.1986); Bertolotti v. State, 476 So. 2d 130 (Fla.1985); State v. Murray, 443 So. 2d 955 (Fla.1984); Knox v. State, 521 So. 2d 322 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988); Ryan v. State, 457 So. 2d 1084 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984).

Therefore, the judgment and sentence are affirmed.

DELL and STEVENSON, JJ., concur.


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Cited By

  • Tannihill v. State, 848 So. 2d 442 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
    …on three of those issues and reverse and remand for resentencing on the remaining issues. Appellant’s first issue, that the trial court erred in overruling his objection to the prosecutor’s closing argument, is affirmed pursuant to Austin v. State, 700 So. 2d 1233 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997). We find that the prosecutor’s comment was a fair response to defense counsel’s suggestion that the victim’s tears during his testimony were not genuine. Next, we hold that appellant’s prison releasee reoffender sentence is not…
  • Stancle v. State, 854 So. 2d 228 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
    …v. State, 801 So. 2d 1037, 1040 (Fla. 5th DCA 2001); Nelson v. State, 416 So. 2d 899, 900 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982). This is particularly so where invited by the nature of the defense. See State v. Shepevd, 479 So. 2d 106, 107 (Fla.1985); Austin v. State, 700 So. 2d 1233, 1234 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997); Whitfield v. State, 479 So. 2d 208, 216 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985). The trial court did not abuse its discretion in recognizing the prosecutor’s statement as a “common sense” argument in response to Stancle’s and his witness’ te…
  • Durrant v. State, 839 So. 2d 821 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003)
    …le under the “invited response” exception should be narrowly interpreted. 753 So. 2d at 39. This case is distinguishable from other cases applying the invited response analysis to comments on the failure to testify. For instance, in Austin v. State, 700 So. 2d 1233, 1235 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997), we determined the invited comment made by the prosecutor was a comment on other evidence introduced, not on the defendant’s failure to testify. In Brown, we determined the prosecutor’s comment in closing argument touched u…

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