ARNOLD BLACKWOOD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Arnold Blackwood appeals the denial of his motion to withdraw his guilty plea to aggravated battery. The Florida District Court of Appeal reversed, holding that once a public defender moves to withdraw due to a conflict of interest, the trial court must appoint conflict-free counsel, and this requirement applied when Blackwood's motion to withdraw his plea was heard.
The court reversed and remanded, holding that while the initial motion to withdraw the representation may have been essentially withdrawn before the trial court could rule on it, once the motion to withdraw the plea was filed after sentencing, the trial court was required under Guzman v. State and section 27.53(3) to appoint conflict-free counsel to represent Blackwood at the hearing on that motion.
[1] A trial court must grant a public defender's motion to withdraw from representation when the public defender determines that the interests of two or more indigent clients…
[2] Once a public defender moves to withdraw based on a conflict of interest, the trial court has no discretion and must grant separate representation.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“once a public defender moves to withdraw from the representation of a client based on a conflict due to adverse or hostile interests between the two clients, under section 27.53(3), Florida Statutes ..., a trial court must grant separate representation.”
Establishes that trial courts have no discretion to deny public defender motions to withdraw based on conflicts of interest
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceOn February 20, 1998, the Public Defender's office filed a motion to withdraw from representing Blackwood due to a conflict of interest, having previo…
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PER CURIAM.
Arnold Blackwood timely appeals from the denial of his motion to withdraw his plea of guilty to aggravated battery, and resulting sentence of forty-nine months in prison. He argues the trial court erred in not granting his motion to withdraw his plea based on his counsel’s actual conflict of interest. We agree in part and reverse.
Facts
On February 20, 1998, the Office of the Public Defender filed a motion to withdraw from representing Blackwood, and to appoint conflict-free counsel. The Office contended that it had a conflict of interest because it had represented Blackwood’s alleged victim in a prior case. At the hearing that followed, Blackwood’s counsel indicated to the court that his office was trying to resolve Blackwood’s case and, therefore, that he wanted to “hold off’ on the motion to withdraw. In fact, the public defender never renoticed the motion for hearing.
After several continuances, Blackwood’s counsel proceeded with the plea and sentencing hearing on April 13, 1998. Black-wood pled guilty to aggravated battery with a deadly weapon causing bodily harm, as charged. The court adjudicated him guilty, imposed costs, and sentenced him to forty-nine months in prison.
On May 13, 1998, still represented by the same public defender, Blackwood filed a motion to correct his sentence and withdraw his plea. At the hearing that followed, his counsel argued that the court was apprized of the conflict that the Public Defender’s office had at the time Black-wood entered his plea and, as such, the court should have appointed Blackwood conflict-free counsel. The court denied the motion.
Blackwood appealed to this court, and upon motion, we relinquished jurisdiction so that the trial court could appoint independent counsel to represent him. The trial court then appointed Blackwood independent counsel.
Merits
Section 27.53(3), Florida Statutes (1997), provides, in pertinent part,
If at any time during the representation of two or more indigents the public defender shall determine that the interests of those accused are so adverse or hostile that they cannot all be counseled by the public defender or his or her staff without conflict of interest, or that none can be counseled by the public defender or his or her staff because of conflict of interest, it shall be the public defender’s duty to move the court to appoint other counsel. The court may appoint one or more members of The Florida Bar, who are in no way affiliated with the public defender, in his or her capacity as such, or in Ms or her private practice, to represent those accused....
§ 27.53(3), Fla. Stat. (1997). In Guzman v. State, 644 So. 2d 996 (Fla.1994), the court held that “once a public defender moves to withdraw from the representation of a client based on a conflict due to adverse or hostile interests between the two clients, under section 27.53(3), Florida Statutes ..., a trial court must grant separate representation.”. Id. at 999. In other words, the trial court has no discretion and must grant such motions to withdraw. See Leslie v. State, 720 So. 2d 559 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998) (citations omitted); see also Hope v. State, 654 So. 2d 639, 639 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995)(“Following the dictates of Guzman, once the public defender determined that a conflict existed ... the trial court was required to grant the motion to withdraw.”)
The state argues that Guzman and its progeny are distinguishable because the public defender essentially withdrew his initial motion to withdraw in an effort to plead out Blackwood’s case. Based on our review of the record, we agree. The trial court simply was never presented with an occasion to rule on the motion.
Nevertheless, we still reverse. Once the motion to withdraw the plea was made after sentencing, the trial court under Guzman, at a minimum, should have appointed Blackwood new counsel to hear the motion. Instead, the public defender was placed in the “impossible” position of attempting to argue the motion to withdraw the plea even though he certified that he had a conflict of interest in representing Blackwood. Accordingly, we reverse and remand this case to the trial court to conduct such a hearing with conflict-free counsel appointed to represent Blackwood.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
STONE and GROSS, JJ., concur.
POLEN, J.,
concurring specially.
Although I agree with the majority’s opinion, I believe it is also obvious from the face of the record that Blackwood’s counsel should have renewed his motion to withdraw prior to entry of the plea. His failure to do so denied Blackwood effective assistance of counsel as guaranteed by the Sixth and Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. See Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Such ineffective assistance should be sufficient to compel the withdrawal of Blackwood’s plea without the necessity of hearing under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.170(l).
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Delarosa v. State, 757 So. 2d 1284 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000)…was an actual conflict of interest and a showing -of prejudice, the trial court should have questioned the Defendant about whether he wished to waive his right to conflict-free counsel and proceed with the revocation hearing. See Blackwood v. State, 755 So. 2d 699 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999). By failing to ensure the Defendant understood the implications of proceeding with defense counsel as his attorney and by failing to secure a valid waiver from the Defendant, the trial court committed reversible error. Accordingl…
Authorities Cited
- Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (U.S. 1984)
- Guzman v. State, 644 So. 2d 996 (Fla. 1994)
- Forrest Hope v. State, 654 So. 2d 639 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995)
- Leslie v. State, 720 So. 2d 559 (Fla. 4th DCA 1998)