JENNIFER WILSON, PETITIONER,
v.
ROBERT ZAMBITO, RESPONDENT
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The court reversed a conviction for possession of cocaine, holding that exigent circumstances justified the warrantless search of a motel room after the defendant fled to the bathroom and attempted to flush drugs.
The court held that the exigent circumstances, including the defendant's actions of fleeing to the bathroom and attempting to flush drugs, justified the warrantless search of the motel room.
[1] Police may not create exigent circumstances by their own conduct to justify a warrantless search.
[2] Announcing police presence at a dwelling, without more, does not create exigent circumstances justifying a warrantless search.
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PER CURIAM.
Antonio Rebello timely appeals after pleading no contest to possession of cocaine. In pleading no contest, he specifically reserved his right to appeal the denial of his motion to suppress as being legally dispositive. We reverse his conviction and sentence.
At the suppression hearing, the state showed that police received information that Rebello was supplying cocaine from a motel room. Officers then went to Rebel-lo’s motel room and knocked on the door. Rebello opened the latched door slightly. Because of the latch, the door was only able to be open two to three inches. One of the officers, Fuller, announced to Rebel-lo that he was a police officer. Rebello then ran to the bathroom. Fuller could not see into the bathroom through the slightly opened door, but testified that as soon as Rebello went to the bathroom, he could hear the toilet being flushed and the shower start to run. Fuller then kicked open the door and found Rebello kneeling over the toilet as it was flushing with his hand inside it. Fuller recovered cocaine from the base of the toilet. Another officer generally corroborated Fuller’s version of events, but testified that the hotel room door was shut before Fuller kicked it open.
Citing Levine v. State, 684 So. 2d 903 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996), Rebello argued that as a matter of law there were no exigent circumstances which justified the warrant-less search of the hotel room. The court disagreed and denied the motion. It held that sufficient “suspicious” activities that were occurring inside the room, i.e., the toilet flushing and the shower being turned on, supported that illegal activity was occurring and justified the search.
Rebello then pled no contest, reserving his right to appeal the denial of his motion to suppress. Because Rebello had already served time greater than that recommended by the guidelines, the court sentenced him to time served.1 This appeal followed.
The sole issue in this case is whether the warrantless search of Rebel-lo’s hotel room was justified. Even when they have probable cause, police officers may not enter a dwelling2 without a warrant absent consent or exigent circumstances. Levine, 684 So. 2d at 904 (citation omitted). Police may not create exigent circumstances by their own conduct. Id. (citation omitted).
Rebello maintains that because Fuller and the other officers created the exigency in this case, under Levine they could not enter his hotel room without a warrant. In Levine, police officers learned that Levine was selling drugs from a motel room. They and an informant went to Levine’s motel room, where the informant agreed to make a buy. After knocking on the door, and hearing a response from inside, the informant said “it’s me, let me have another twenty piece.” He then stepped in front of the window, so Levine, who was inside, could see him. Upon seeing the informant, Levine opened the door. As soon as the door opened, a police officer stepped into view and identified himself as a sheriffs deputy. Levine looked at the deputy and slammed the door. Police then broke the door down and found drugs in plain view.
Levine moved to suppress the drugs, but the trial court denied the motion. On appeal, Levine argued no exigent circumstances existed to justify the warrantless search. The state countered that the war-rantless entry was justified by the slamming of the door and the possibility that Levine could have then destroyed the evidence by flushing it down the toilet. This court held, however, that these “exigent circumstances” were caused by the police officers’ announcing their presence. It explained,
Police could approach a dwelling, armed only with their own subjective suspicion that illegal activity was afoot, and wait for some suspicious movement, thereby giving them justification to break down the door and burst into the dwelling. Officers then would be equipped with the power to conduct any warrantless quest for evidence of guilt or of crime. Consequently, the suspicious movement which occurred when the police announced their presence cannot supply the exigent circumstances for the war-rantless search.
Id. at 904 (citation omitted). Noting that there was no claim that police lacked sufficient time to secure a search warrant, it reversed the order of denial. Id.
Levine is directly on point. As in Levine, our review of the record reflects that the actions of Fuller in knocking on the motel room door without a warrant and identifying himself as police triggered the excitement. Here, too, as in Levine, there was no showing that there was insufficient time for police to obtain a search warrant prior to entering Rebello’s room. Thus, we reverse the denial of Rebello’s motion to suppress.
REVERSED.
POLEN, STEVENSON and TAYLOR, JJ., concur. . Originally, he was sentenced to 40.35 months in jail with credit for time served. He them moved to correct his "illegal” sentence. Pursuant to Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla.2000), the court vacated his sentence.
. A hotel or motel room is considered a private dwelling if the occupant is there legally, has paid or arranged to pay, and has not been asked to leave. Wassmer v. State, 565 So. 2d 856, 857 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990).
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LEE v. State, 856 So. 2d 1133 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003)…. Here, the suspects were unaware that police officers were outside the motel, nor were they doing anything at the time that would have reasonably led the officers to believe that they were trying to destroy evidence or escape. See Rebello v. State, 773 So. 2d 579 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000); Levine, 684 So. 2d at 904; State v. Clarke, 242 So. 2d 791 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970); Berryman v. State, 368 So. 2d 893 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979); State v. Johnson, 372 So. 2d 536 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979) (holding that police may enter without a…
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Diaz v. State, 34 So. 3d 797 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010)…e actually trying to escape or destroy evidence.” Lee, 856 So. 2d at 1138 (citing Benefield, 160 So. 2d 706). Fears based on generalizations about drugs and guns are not enough to create an exigent circumstance. Id. at 1139-40. In Rebello v. State, 773 So. 2d 579, 579-80 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000), the defendant was supplying cocaine from his motel room. When an officer knocked on his door and announced he was a police officer, the defendant ran to the bathroom. The officer could hear the toilet flushing and the sh…
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Ferguson v. State, 58 So. 3d 360 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011)…and well-delineated exceptions.” Katz v. United States, 389 U.S. 347, 357, 88 S.Ct. 507, 19 L.Ed.2d 576 (1967) (footnotes omitted). Police officers may not enter a dwelling without a warrant absent consent or exigent circumstances. Rebello v. State, 773 So. 2d 579, 580 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000). Once the defendant makes a prima facie showing that law enforcement conducted a warrantless search, the burden of sustaining the legality of the search shifts to the state. Lewis v. State, 979 So. 2d 1197, 1200 (Fla. 4th DC…
Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 2000)
- Levine v. State, 684 So. 2d 903 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
- Wassmer v. State, 565 So. 2d 856 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990)