DAVID K. YOCKEY, APPELLANT,
v.
SUE ANN YOCKEY, APPELLEE
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A father sought to modify his child support obligation downward after his oldest child reached the age of majority. The trial court reduced the support amount but refused to make it retroactive to the filing date of the modification petition. The appellate court reversed, holding that a parent is not obligated to pay child support for a child who has reached majority and therefore retroactive modification to the petition filing date is warranted.
A downward modification of child support must be made retroactive to the date the modification petition is filed when the basis for modification is a child reaching the age of majority, because as a matter of law no support is owed for an adult child and a parent should not be required to pay support he or she did not lawfully owe.
[1] A trial court abuses its discretion by refusing to make a child support reduction retroactive to the date a petition for modification was filed when the basis for modific…
[2] A child reaching the age of majority constitutes a defense to the payment of child support.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a child attaining the age of majority is a defense to the payment of child support”
Establishes that age of majority is a recognized defense in child support law
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe father petitioned to modify unallocated child support after his oldest child reached the age of majority. The trial court reduced the child suppor…
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WARNER, C.J.
This appeal arises from a final judgment modifying child support. The father had petitioned to modify the amount of unallocated child support after his oldest child reached the age of majority. While reducing the amount of child support, the trial court refused to make the reduction retroactive to the date when the petition was filed. Because the father was not obligated to pay child support subsequent to the child attaining the age of majority, we reverse the order of the trial court.
The trial court relied on Livingston v. Livingston, 686 So. 2d 664 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996), which we conclude is not controlling. In Livingston, the court held that a downward retroactive modification was impermissible absent extraordinary or compelling circumstances. 686 So. 2d at 665. However, the trial court modified the award as of the date of the changed circumstances, rather than from the date of the filing of the petition. Moreover, that case did not deal with a child reaching the age of majority.
In State, Department of Revenue v. Segrera, 661 So. 2d 922, 923 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995), the court held that where unallocated child support is ordered for multiple children, a paying parent must continue to pay the full support obligation until the motion for modification based on one of the children reaching the age of majority is filed and acted upon by the court. Segrera relies on State, Department of Health & Rehabilitative Services v. Carwell, 524 So. 2d 484, 485.(Fla. 2d DCA 1988), which in turn relies on Raybuck v. Rayuck, 451 So. 2d 540 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984).
In Raybuck, the court held that, “absent compelling circumstances or a valid defense, a trial court lacks authority to retrospectively cancel or reduce past due child support payments.” 451 So. 2d at 541-42 (emphasis added).
A child attaining the age of majority is a defense to the payment of child support. In State ex rel. Pittman v. Stanjeski, 562 So. 2d 673, 678 (Fla.1990), the court listed three equitable defenses to an action to collect past due child support. One of those defenses included the fact that the child had reached the age of majority. If age of majority can be an equitable defense to an action for collection of past due child support, then it is also a reason for modification of the unallocated amount of child support retroactive to the date of the fifing of the petition.
The ground for refusing to retroactively modify child support is based upon the concept that such rights become vested once the payment date is past. Puglia v. Puglia, 600 So. 2d 484, 485 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992).
However, where a child has reached the age of majority, as a matter of law, no support is further owing for that child. Once the petition is filed, the rights and obligations attendant to child support should not be deemed vested. The paying parent should not have been required to continue paying support he or she did not lawfully owe simply because it may take several months or longer for the court to hear his or her petition. A retroactive modification is thus warranted. To hold otherwise would encourage the receiving parent to engage in unnecessary delay and litigation to prolong the payment of support.
We conclude that the court abused its discretion in denying retroactive reduction of child support to the date of the fifing of the petition for modification, which was filed after the child attained the age of majority. We certify conflict with Segrera.
Reversed with directions to provide retroactive reduction of the child support obligation to the date of the fifing of the petition.
GROSS and HAZOURI, JJ., concur.
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Perez v. Perez, 973 So. 2d 1227 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008)…parent cannot afford to pay”). The former wife concedes error in the trial court’s failure to reduce the former husband’s child support payment due to a second child reaching the age of majority. This concession is well-taken. See Yockey v. Yockey, 784 So. 2d 582 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001) (holding that trial court abused its discretion in not retroactively modifying child support to date of petition where child had previously reached age of majority). Moreover, the former husband may be entitled to an even further…
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Lehman v. Dep't OF Revenue o/b/o Joanne Lehman, 946 So. 2d 1116 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006)…rder until he files a motion for modification and such motion is favorably acted upon. Id. at 923 (emphasis added). However, in Yockey v. Yockey, this court held that child support could be modified retroactively to the filing date of the petition. 784 So. 2d 582 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001). Moreover, when a child support provision allocates the amount of support per child, the trial court can retroactively terminate child support prior to the date such relief is requested. See State of Fla. Dep’t of Revenue ex rel.…
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Noralyn Miles v. Champlin, 805 So. 2d 1085 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002)
Authorities Cited
- Sherl Lanette Raybuck v. Raybuck, 451 So. 2d 540 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984)
- Carol Puglia & the Dep't of Health & Rehabilitative Servs. v. Puglia, 600 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992)
- State of Fla. ex rel. Jed Pittman v. Stanjeski, 562 So. 2d 673 (Fla. 1990)
- State v. Segrera, 661 So. 2d 922 (Fla. 3d DCA 1995)
- Cnty. OF Sarasota v. Zacker, 686 So. 2d 664 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996)
- State v. Carwell, 524 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988)