JOHNNY SIPLIN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 2001-09-05
No. 2D00-3887
NORTHCUTT, A.C.J., and CAMPBELL, MONTEREY, (Senior) Judge, Concur.
795 So. 2d 1010 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (2001) Negative Treatment
Cited by 24 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Johnny Siplin appeals his drug convictions, arguing the evidence should have been suppressed because he was unlawfully stopped. The court reverses, holding that the officer's use of an air horn constituted an investigatory stop without reasonable suspicion, making the subsequent search unlawful.


Holding

The court held that a reasonable person would believe they were being commanded to stop upon hearing a police cruiser's air horn, and since Officer Books lacked reasonable suspicion for a stop at that time, Siplin was unlawfully stopped and the evidence obtained should have been suppressed.


Headnotes

[1] Activating a police cruiser's air horn transforms a consensual encounter into an investigatory stop when a reasonable person would believe they are being commanded to sto…

[2] An investigatory stop requires reasonable suspicion that a person has committed, is committing, or is about to commit a crime.

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Key Quotes

“We determine that under the circumstances of this encounter a reasonable person would believe that he/she was being commanded to stop upon hearing the police cruiser's air horn. At the time the air horn was employed by Officer Books, he did not have reasonable suspicion to conduct a stop of Mr. Siplin.”

This establishes the core holding that the air horn constituted a stop without lawful justification.

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Facts & Procedural History

Officer Books observed Siplin run up to a compact car carrying a blue napkin, see Siplin notice the officer and appear shocked, then enter the car bri…

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Opinion of the Court
GREEN, Judge.

GREEN, Judge.

Johnny Siplin appeals his convictions for possession of heroin and cocaine and argues that the evidence should have been suppressed. We reverse because Siplin was unlawfully stopped by the investigating officer before he consented to a display of the contraband in his possession.

A hearing was conducted on Mr. Siplin’s motion to suppress. At the suppression hearing, Officer Barry Books of the St. Petersburg Police Department testified that he saw a compact car at an intersection with two white males inside. He saw a man, later identified as Mr. Siplin, run up to the compact car extremely fast, carrying a blue napkin or cloth in his right hand. According to Officer Books, when Mr. Siplin was two or three feet from the car he saw the officer, looked shocked and surprised, and ran into the compact car. Mr. Siplin leaned into the compact car and began conversing with the driver as if giving directions. Mr. Siplin then walked away from the car. After deciding to approach Mr. Siplin, Officer Books activated the cruiser’s air horn to get his attention. He insisted he did nothing else to stop Mr. Siplin and that Mr. Siplin was free to leave. Officer Books asked Mr. Siplin if he knew the people in the compact car and was told he had borrowed a cigarette from the driver. Officer Books pointed to the blue napkin and asked what it was. Mr. Siplin gave it to him, and Officer Books looked inside and saw what appeared to be cocaine and heroin.

The sole issue on appeal is whether Mr. Siplin was free to leave once the officer sounded the air horn on his cruiser. We determine that under the circumstances of this encounter a reasonable person would believe that he/she was being commanded to stop upon hearing the police cruiser’s air horn. At the time the air horn was employed by Officer Books, he did not have reasonable suspicion to conduct a stop of Mr. Siplin.

The trial judge held that the employment of the air horn did not constitute a stop. Case law is consistent that once an officer operates his emergency lights, the encounter is not consensual, but is an investigatory stop. See Hrezo v. State, 780 So. 2d 194 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Brooks v. State, 745 So. 2d 1113 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999).

In the Hrezo opinion, Judge Altenbernd specifically differentiates between an officer’s takedown lights and spotlight. When an officer uses takedown lights a reasonable person would not feel free to leave. This is emphasized by the fact that only police officers or department of correction officers may use blue flashing lights on their vehicles pursuant to section 316.2397(2), Florida Statutes (2000). Furthermore, section 316.271(6) provides the siren, whistle, or bell on an emergency vehicle should only be used when the vehicle is responding to an emergency call or in pursuit of an actual or suspected violator of the law. On the other hand, use of a spotlight has been found not to transform a consensual encounter into an investigatory stop. See State v. Wimbush, 668 So. 2d 280 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996). Officer Brooks’s air horn more closely resembles takedown lights, and therefore, he transformed the encounter into an investigatory stop. Appellant was required to stop when the officer activated his air horn, and he was not free to leave.

We therefore reverse the judgment and sentence and direct that Mr. Siplin be discharged.

Reversed. NORTHCUTT, A.C.J., and CAMPBELL, MONTEREY, (Senior) Judge, Concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Donnie Young v. State, 803 So. 2d 880 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002)
    …able person to believe he or she was not free to leave. We agree. Florida courts consistently agree that an officer’s use of his or her emergency lights evidences an investigatory stop rather than a consensual encounter. See, e.g., Siplin v. State, 795 So. 2d 1010 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Hrezo v. State, 780 So. 2d 194 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Brooks v. State, 745 So. 2d 1113 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999). The reason such encounters are investigatory stops rather than consensual encounters is the use of the emergency lights lead…
  • G.M. v. State, 19 So. 3d 973 (Fla. 2009)
    …ct identified Armatage v. State, 954 So. 2d 669 (Fla. 1st DCA 2007); Koppelman v. State, 876 So. 2d 618 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004); Errickson v. State, 855 So. 2d 700 (Fla. 4th DCA 2003); Young v. State, 803 So. 2d 880 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002); Siplin v. State, 795 So. 2d 1010 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Hrezo v. State, 780 So. 2d 194 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); and Brooks v. State, 745 So. 2d 1113 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999), as cases in conflict. Below, one judge agreed with the decision to certify conflict to this Court, but dissented from t…
  • Houston v. State, 925 So. 2d 404 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006)
    …e or she was not free to leave. We agreed, explaining as follows: Florida courts consistently agree that an officer’s use of his or her emergency lights evidences an investigatory stop rather than a consensual encounter. See, e.g., Siplin v. State, 795 So. 2d 1010 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Hrezo v. State, 780 So. 2d 194 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Brooks v. State, 745 So. 2d 1113 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999). The reason such encounters are investigatory stops rather than consensual encounters is the use of the emergency lights lead…

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