ANTHONY GEORGE CLEMONS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Anthony Clemons appeals his resentencing imposed pursuant to Heggs v. State, arguing that a successor judge improperly resentenced him in violation of Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.700(c)(1), which requires necessity for substitution of judges. The court agrees and reverses, holding that resentencing must comply with the rule's necessity requirement and that mere convenience does not justify judge substitution.
Rule 3.700(c)(1) applies to resentencings as well as original sentencings. Resentencing by a successor judge is reversible error when the record does not demonstrate necessity or an emergency, and mere convenience—whether the judge's or the court's—cannot justify the substitution.
[1] Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.700(c)(1) applies to resentencing proceedings.
[2] A successor judge cannot impose sentence unless the record demonstrates that the substitution of judges is necessary or dictated by an emergency.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Rule 3.700(a) defines "sentence" as "the pronouncement by the court of the penalty imposed on a defendant for the offense of which the defendant has been adjudged guilty." The rule provides no basis to distinguish between an original sentencing and a resentencing.”
Establishes that Rule 3.700(c)(1) applies equally to resentencings and original sentencings
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceIn 1998, Clemons pleaded nolo contendere to committing a lewd act on a child and was sentenced under the 1995 guidelines. In 2000, following Heggs v. …
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KELLY, Judge.
Anthony George Clemons appeals his sentence which was imposed on resentencing pursuant to Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla.2000). He argues that his resentencing by a successor judge violated Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.700(c)(1). We agree and reverse.
In 1998, Clemons entered a plea of nolo contendere to one count of committing a lewd act on a child, and he was sentenced under the 1995 guidelines. In 2000, Clemons filed a motion for postconviction relief based on Heggs. The trial court granted the motion and scheduled Clemons for re-sentencing under the 1994 guidelines. By this time, the judge who had originally accepted Clemons’ plea had been reassigned to the civil division. The successor judge offered the original judge an opportunity to preside over Clemons’ resentencing, but he declined stating he thought it would set a “bad precedent” for future cases and “that he had no intention of coming back and resentencing all the people he had already sentenced simply because of the Heggs decision.” Clemons was resentenced by the successor judge over his specific objection and contrary to his request that he be sentenced by the judge who accepted his plea.
On appeal Clemons argues that this was reversible error because there was no showing of necessity to justify re-sentencing by a successor judge. Rule 3.700(c)(1) provides, in part:
In any case, other than a capital case, in which it is necessary that sentence be pronounced by a judge other than the judge who presided at trial or accepted the plea, the sentencing judge shall not pass sentence until the judge becomes acquainted with what transpired at the trial, or the facts, including any plea discussions, concerning the plea and the offense.
Clemons contends that the reassignment of the original judge to the civil division does not meet the necessity requirement of rule 3.700(c)(1). The State contends that rule 3.700(c)(1) does not apply to a resentencing.
We reject the State’s argument that rule 3.700(c)(1) does not apply to a resentencing. Rule 3.700(a) defines “sentence” as “the pronouncement by the court of the penalty imposed on a defendant for the offense of which the defendant has been adjudged guilty.” The rule provides no basis to distinguish between an original sentencing and a resentencing. Accordingly, we conclude that a resentencing must conform to the requirements of the rule.
The case law applying rule 3.700(c)(1) states that even in the absence of prejudice to the defendant, it is reversible error for a successor judge to sentence a defendant where the record does not show that the substitution of judges is “necessary” or dictated by an “emergency.” Campbell v. State, 622 So. 2d 603 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993); Madrigal v. State, 683 So. 2d 1093 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996); Lawley v. State, 377 So. 2d 824 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979). Mere convenience cannot justify sentencing by a successor judge. Campbell, 622 So. 2d at 603; Madrigal, 683 So. 2d at 1097; Lawley, 377 So. 2d at 825.
While there may be circumstances where reassignment of a judge will necessitate sentencing by a successor judge, in this case it did not.1 The record affirmatively establishes that it was not necessary for the successor judge to sentence Clemons. The original judge was available to sentence Clemons, and the successor judge offered him the opportunity to do so. The original judge simply chose not to preside over the resentencing for what amounted to “mere convenience.” Because the record does not demonstrate that resentencing by the successor judge was necessary, the substitution was not proper under rule 3.700(l)(e). We reverse Clemons’ sentence and remand for resentencing in accordance with rule 3.700(c)(1).
Reversed and remanded.
NORTHCUTT and SALCINES, JJ., Concur. . Our conclusion is supported by the same standards that the court relied on in Lawley, 377 So. 2d at 824. Section 5.13(h) of the American Bar Association Standards Relating to Sentencing Alternatives and Procedures specifically provides that if guilt is determined by a plea, "the judge who accepted the plea should preside in sentencing proceedings unless the system of rotating assignment of judges in a multi-judge court makes that unfeasible.” In this case the record demonstrates that it was not "unfeasible” for the judge who accepted the plea to preside at the resentencing.
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Citator
Cited By (18 total)
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Hakkenberg v. State, 889 So. 2d 935 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004)…“even in the absence of prejudice to the defendant, it is reversible error for a successor judge to sentence a defendant where the record does not show that the substitution of judges is ‘necessary’ or dictated by an ‘emergency.’ ” Clemons v. State, 816 So. 2d 1180, 1182 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002). This rule is applicable where the defendant initially pleaded, the sentence was set aside by the trial court as an illegal sentence, and the defendant was then resentenced by a successor judge. See id. at 1181-82. In Clemon…
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Green v. State, 910 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005)…), the State concedes that it was error for Green to be sentenced by a judge other than the judge who accepted his plea. See also Lopez v. State, 905 So. 2d 1045 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005); Gay v. State, 898 So. 2d 1203 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005); Clemons v. State, 816 So. 2d 1180 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002). Accordingly, we reverse Green’s sentences and remand for resentencing before the original judge unless the State can demonstrate on the record that resentenc-ing by a different judge is necessary. Reversed and remanded. STRIN…
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Snyder v. State, 870 So. 2d 140 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004)…scussions, concerning the plea and the offense. This court has held that it is error for a trial court to allow resentencing by a successor judge without a showing of necessity. Persaud v. State, 821 So. 2d 411 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002); Clemons v. State, 816 So. 2d 1180 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002); Campbell v. State, 622 So. 2d 603 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993). The State correctly concedes that there was no showing of necessity to allow a successor judge. The State argues, however, that Snyder waived any objection to the successor j…
Previewing 3 of 18 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 2000)
- Lawley v. State, 377 So. 2d 824 (Fla. 1st DCA 1979)
- Aleño Santana Madrigal v. State, 683 So. 2d 1093 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996)
- Campbell v. State, 622 So. 2d 603 (Fla. 2d DCA 1993)