LISA MARIE FALCO, PETITIONER,
v.
NORTH SHORE LABORATORIES CORPORATION, A FOREIGN CORPORATION, RESPONDENT

Fla. 1st DCA | 2004-02-19
No. 1D03-3005
KAHN and WEBSTER, JJ., Concur.
866 So. 2d 1255 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2004) Positive Treatment
Cited by 9 cases

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Synopsis

A Florida appellate court granted Falco's petition for certiorari, quashing a trial court order that compelled discovery of work product videotapes. The court held that a party seeking to overcome work product protection must demonstrate need and inability to obtain the substantial equivalent by other means through affidavit or sworn testimony, not mere counsel assertions.


Holding

Work product material is discoverable only when the party seeking discovery demonstrates by affidavit or sworn testimony that it has need of the materials and is unable without undue hardship to obtain the substantial equivalent by other means. Bare assertions of counsel are insufficient to overcome work product protection.


Headnotes

[1] A party seeking discovery of work product material must demonstrate need and undue hardship by affidavit or sworn testimony, not merely by the bare assertions of counsel.

[2] To obtain discovery of work product, the requesting party must show both a need for the materials in preparing the case and an inability to obtain the substantial equival…

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Key Quotes

“Before a party can obtain discovery of work product material, it must show that it "has need of the materials in the preparation of the case and is unable without undue hardship to obtain the substantial equivalent of the materials by other means." Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.280(b)(3). The bare assertions of counsel are clearly inadequate to show the "need" and "undue hardship" required for production of work product documents.”

Establishes the legal standard for overcoming work product protection and the requirement for affidavit or sworn testimony rather than counsel assertions

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Facts & Procedural History

Falco was injured in an automobile accident involving a Ford Bronco with allegedly defective tire plugs manufactured by North Shore Laboratories. Falc…

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Opinion of the Court
VAN NORTWICK, J.

Lisa Marie Falco seeks certiorari review of an order granting the unsworn motion of respondent, North Shore Laboratories Corporation (North Shore), to compel discovery of certain videotapes in Falco’s possession which were prepared subsequent to the automobile accident in which she was injured and which constituted her work product prepared in anticipation of litigation or trial.1 North Shore, which was alleged to have manufactured defective tire plugs placed in the tires of the Ford Bronco that overturned causing injury to Falco, argues that Falco allowed the Bronco and tires to deteriorate after the photographs and videotapes were taken and that North Shore could not, without undue hardship, recreate the condition of the Bronco at the time of the accident without the needed videotapes. Falco argues that she has produced all the photographs which are necessary to allow North Shore to obtain the equivalent evidence and that the trial court erroneously denied her work product immunity based on North Shore’s “bare assertions” that this discovery was necessary. We agree and grant the petition.

This case is controlled by our recent decision in Florida East Coast Railway L.L.C. v. Jones, 847 So. 2d 1118 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003) in which we explained:

After the Railway objected to Jones’ request for photographs, measurements, and a diagram, prepared by it after the accident, the respondent filed a motion to compel. No sworn testimony was taken at the hearing, nor did respondent submit any affidavits or other evidence. The trial court stated at the hearing on the motion to compel, and again in its order, that Jones was not required to show by affidavit his need or inability to obtain the substantial equivalent of the requested materials. This was a departure from the essential requirements of Florida law. Before a party can obtain discovery of work product material, it must show that it “has need of the materials in the preparation of the case and is unable without undue hardship to obtain the substantial equivalent of the materials by other means.” Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.280(b)(3). The bare assertions of counsel are clearly inadequate to show the “need” and “undue hardship” required for production of work product documents. See Procter & Gamble Co., 462 So. 2d at 1195 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985); CSX Transp., Inc. v. Carpenter, 725 So. 2d 434 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999).

Id. at 1119.

A party’s work product is discoverable only where the party seeking discovery shows that it has need of the materials to prepare its case and it is unable to obtain, without undue hardship, the substantial equivalent of the materials by other means. Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.280(b)(3). Jones holds that the “need” and “undue hardship” required for production of work product documents cannot be demonstrated solely by the bare assertions of counsel, but must be demonstrated by affidavit or sworn testimony. 847 So. 2d at 1119. Even if the Bronco has deteriorated, as counsel for North Shore asserts, nothing in the record explains why North Shore cannot recreate, without undue hardship, the condition of the Bronco and the tire at the time of the accident by use of the photographs produced by Falco. See Procter & Gamble Co. v. Swilley, 462 So. 2d 1188, 1194 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985).

As in Jones, upon remand the trial court must conduct an evidentiary hearing, including, if necessary, conducting an in camera review of the respective materials. Jones, 847 So. 2d at 1119.

Petition for Writ GRANTED; Order QUASHED; REMANDED for further proceedings.

KAHN and WEBSTER, JJ., Concur. . The order on appeal also compelled discovery of certain photographs which have already been produced and are therefore not in dispute.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Zirkelbach Constr., Inc. v. Govin T. Rajan, 93 So. 3d 1124 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012)
    …iscovery because the record did not contain affidavits or testimony in support of the plaintiffs argument that it was unable to obtain the substantial equivalent of the materials by other means without undue hardship); Falco v. N. Shore Labs. Corp., 866 So. 2d 1255, 1257 (Fla. 1st DCA 2004) (holding that need and undue hardship “must be demonstrated by affidavit or sworn testimony”); N. Broward Hosp. Dist. v. Button, 592 So. 2d 367, 368 (Fla. 4th DCA 1992), (“[T]he unsworn assertions of plaintiffs counsel were…
  • Avatar Prop. & Cas. Ins. Co. v. Mitchell, 314 So. 3d 640 (Fla. 3d DCA 2021)
    …prerequisite to disclosure. Fla. E. Coast Ry. L.L.C. v. Jones, 847 So. 2d 1118, 1119 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003) (citations omitted). Rather, proof of the same must be demonstrated by affidavit or other sworn testimony. Falco v. N. Shore Labs. Corp., 866 So. 2d 1255, 1257 (Fla. 1st DCA 2004) (citation omitted). Finally, assuming the threshold burden is satisfied, the lower court remains charged with protecting “against disclosure of the mental ---PAGE 5--- impressions, conclusions, opinions, or legal theor…
  • Honey Transp., Inc. v. Leafar R. Ruiz, 893 So. 2d 661 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005)
    …ions, it appears the photographs in question in the instant case could qualify for work-product protection, thus requiring the court to take evidence and make findings of fact concerning “need” and “undue hardship.” See Falco v. N. Shore Lab. Corp., 866 So. 2d 1255 (Fla. 1st DCA 2004); CSX Transp., Inc. v. Carpenter, 725 So. 2d 434 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). The court below did not specifically declare that the photographs were created in anticipation of litigation, which appears to be a required first step in this…

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