JOSE MARIA MENCOS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Jose Maria Mencos was convicted by jury of lewd or lascivious molestation of a child under twelve, battery on a law enforcement officer, and resisting arrest. On appeal, Mencos challenged the admission of the child victim's out-of-court statements under the Confrontation Clause, but the court affirmed, finding the Crawford objection was not properly preserved and that any error was harmless.
The court affirmed the convictions, holding that the Crawford objection was not properly preserved because defense counsel raised only a hearsay objection at trial, not a Sixth Amendment challenge. Even if the issue had been preserved, the court found that only J.A.'s statements to Officer Hurley in response to questions at the scene were testimonial, and any error was harmless; statements J.A. made to her mother, overheard by Detective Hall, were non-testimonial and admissible.
[1] A Sixth Amendment confrontation clause challenge based on Crawford v. …
[2] The Sixth Amendment right of confrontation differs from the protections afforded by state evidence rules governing hearsay.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“In Crawford, the United States Supreme Court held that the confrontation clause of the Sixth Amendment excludes from evidence any out of court, testimonial statements unless the witness is found to be unavailable and the defense is provided a prior opportunity for cross-examination.”
Establishes the governing legal standard from Crawford v. Washington for confrontation clause violations.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceOfficers responded to a 911 call at Mencos' household regarding lewd and lascivious conduct. Officer Hurley spoke with J.A.'s mother, who stated J.A. …
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STEVENSON, C.J.
The appellant, Jose Maria Meneos, was tried by a jury and convicted of committing lewd or lascivious molestation on a victim under the age of twelve, battery on a law enforcement officer, resisting an officer with violence, and resisting an officer without violence. We affirm.
During the trial, the State introduced several statements by the child victim, J.A., which were objected to by the defense on hearsay grounds. Officer Hurley testified that she responded to a 911 call regarding lewd and lascivious conduct at the Meneos household. Upon arrival, Hurley spoke to J.A.’s mother and sister. J.A.’s mother stated that she heard J.A. yell “stop” and then was told by J.A. that her step-father touched her in her private area. Officer Hurley spoke to J.A. During their four or five minute conversation, J.A. told Hurley that Meneos touched her private area over her clothing. Detective Hall, another officer to arrive at the scene, testified that, while outside the house, he heard J.A. tell her mother that Meneos reached under her shorts and touched her vagina.
On appeal, Meneos argues, on the basis of Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 (2004), that the trial court erred in allowing Officer Hurley and Detective Hall to testify to J.A.’s statements because Meneos did not have the opportunity to cross-examine J.A. as she did not testify at trial.1 In Crawford, the United States Supreme Court held that the confrontation clause of the Sixth Amendment excludes from evidence any out of court, testimonial statements unless the witness is found to be unavailable and the defense is provided a prior opportunity for cross-examination. See 541 U.S. at 68, 124 S.Ct. 1354.
We find that Meneos’ Crawford objection was not properly preserved for appellate review.
At trial, counsel for Meneos did not assert a Sixth Amendment challenge, but, instead, raised a hearsay objection. Meneos never argued that use of this hearsay evidence would violate his constitutional right to confront the witness against him.
On appeal, Meneos asserts that this court, nevertheless, is able to consider the Sixth Amendment challenge because the “hearsay objection is closely related to the right of confrontation.” Closely related is not the standard followed by the court. See Castro v. State, 791 So. 2d 1114 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000) (stating that the defendant’s claim was not preserved because the argument on appeal was different than the argument at trial).
The right of confrontation guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment “differs from the kind of protection that is afforded by state evidence rules governing the admission of hearsay.” Lopez v. State, 888 So. 2d 693, 697 (Fla. 1st DCA 2004).
An objection specifically based on Crawford serves to focus the trial court’s attention on the salient inquiry required by that decision, i.e., whether the evidence is “testimonial,” whether the witness is “unavailable,” and whether there was a “prior opportunity for cross-examination.” Crawford, 541 U.S. at 68, 124 S.Ct.
1354.
Furthermore, even if the issue was preserved, we find “testimonial” only those statements J.A. made to Officer Hurley in response to questions at the scene, see Lopez, 888 So. 2d at 700. In the context of this case, the admission of that evidence was harmless. See State v. DiGuilio, 491 So. 2d 1129, 1139 (Fla.1986) (stating the focus of a harmless error analysis is whether the error affected the verdict).
J.A.’s statements to her mother regarding the sexual abuse, as overheard by Detective Hall, were non-testimonial and therefore could be relayed in court without violating the confrontation clause. See Herrera-Vega v. State, 888 So. 2d 66 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004) (refusing to apply Crawford exclusion to statements made by a child victim to her mother and father about sexual contact with the defendant, concluding that such statements did not qualify as being testimonial), review denied, 902 So. 2d 790 (Fla.2005).
We have considered the other issues on appeal and find no error. Accordingly, the convictions and sentences on review are affirmed.
Affirmed.
SHAHOOD and GROSS, JJ., concur. . The child victim was in Colombia, South America, and the trial court properly found that she was “unavailable.”
PER CURIAM.
ON MOTION FOR REHEARING
We deny appellants motion for rehearing, but write to discuss one issue raised therein. In our original opinion, we indicated that Meneos did not preserve his Crawford1 objection for appellate review. See Mencos v. State, No. 4D03-4003, 909 So. 2d 349, 2005 WL 1680166 (Fla. 4th DCA July 20, 2005). As Meneos points out, he could not have specifically objected based on Crawford because the Supreme Court issued its ruling after Meneos trial. Nev ertheless, as Justice Scalia discussed, arguments predicated on the right to confrontation have been made in cases throughout this nation’s history. See Crawford, 541 U.S. at 49-50, 124 S.Ct.
1354. Meneos asserted on appeal and in his motion for rehearing that due to Evans v. State, 838 So. 2d 1090 (Fla.2002), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 846, 124 S.Ct. 121, 157 L.Ed.2d 84 (2003), this court could consider his Sixth Amendment challenge since the hearsay objection raised was closely related to the right of confrontation.
In Evans, the Supreme Court of Florida decided, on the merits, whether the defendant’s Sixth Amendment right to confrontation was violated by the admission of hearsay statements.
The court noted that “[although Evans’ counsel did not specifically assert a Sixth Amendment challenge, the hearsay objection raised is closely related to the right of confrontation.” Id. at 1097 n.
5. Although the opinion does not contain the precise arguments made, according to the appellee’s brief submitted in that case, defense counsel argued, “ ‘[t]his is just plain hearsay,’ and ‘[i]f they want to establish this sort of stuff they need to have somebody testify to it....’ (R 2225).” Brief of Appellee at 34-35, Evans v. State, 838 So. 2d 1090 (Fla.2002), cert. denied, 540 U.S. 846, 124 S.Ct. 121, 157 L.Ed.2d 84 (2003).
In contrast, Meneos’ attorney argued at trial that the State could not prove the child victim’s unavailability and the trial court could neither corroborate her statements nor determine their reliability.
Hence, we find that Meneos’ hearsay objection is distinguishable from the one made in Evans.
Accordingly, the conviction is AFFIRMED.
STEVENSON, C.J., SHAHOOD and GROSS, JJ., concur. . Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36, 124 S.Ct. 1354, 158 L.Ed.2d 177 (2004).
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State v. Contreras, 979 So. 2d 896 (Fla. 2008)…t likely to be testimonial. See, e.g., People v. Vigil, 127 P. 3d 916, 927-28 (Colo.2006) (holding that an excited utterance a child made to his father and his father’s friend immediately after a sexual assault was not testimonial); Mencos v. State, 909 So. 2d 349, 351 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) (concluding that child victim’s statements to her mother that were overheard by a police detective were not testimonial and thus did not violate the Confrontation Clause); Herrera-Vega v. State, 888 So. 2d 66 (Fla. 5th DCA 2…
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Dawson v. State, 951 So. 2d 931 (Fla. 4th DCA 2007)…ment was admissible as a verbal act. See Decile v. State, 516 So. 2d 1139 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987). Although Dawson also complains of a Confrontation Clause violation, he did not make that objection below. Therefore, it is not preserved. Mencos v. State, 909 So. 2d 349, 351 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005). We do, however, reverse as to Dawson’s sentence. The court imposed a habitual offender sentence of forty years for possession of cocaine within 1000 feet of a church and five years for possession of cocaine to run consecut…
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Corona v. State, 929 So. 2d 588 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006)…rts, contending that the victim’s statements were unreliable hearsay. Then, at trial, Corona simply objected that the testimony was impermissible hearsay. These actions are insufficient to preserve the Crawford issue for review. See Mencos v. State, 909 So. 2d 349 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) (hearsay objection to infant victim’s statements did not preserve for review any challenge based on Sixth Amendment right to confront witnesses); Bunion v. State, 136 S.W. 3d 355 (Tex.App.2004) (stating that hearsay objection and…
Previewing 3 of 7 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. DiGUILIO, 491 So. 2d 1129 (Fla. 1986)
- Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (U.S. 2004)
- Wydell Jody Evans v. State, 838 So. 2d 1090 (Fla. 2002)
- Moroni Lopez v. State, 888 So. 2d 693 (Fla. 1st DCA 2004)
- Levy v. Fla. Power & Light Co., 902 So. 2d 790 (Fla. 2005)
- Marcelino Herreravega v. State, 888 So. 2d 66 (Fla. 5th DCA 2004)
- Castro v. State, 791 So. 2d 1114 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000)
- Suggs v. Sw. Fla. Water Mgmt. Dist. & State of Fla., 909 So. 2d 349 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005)
- Smith v. Ozmint, 540 U.S. 846 (U.S. 2003)
- Boricha v. United States, 540 U.S. 846 (U.S. 2003)