MICHAEL A. NEDD, DOC # C518061, A/K/A MICHAEL A. NEDO, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Michael Nedd was convicted of delivery of a controlled substance after an undercover drug transaction. The Florida Second District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded for a new trial because the trial court erred in refusing to instruct the jury on whether Nedd knew the substance was specifically heroin, which was a major part of his defense.
The trial court erred in refusing to give the requested instruction on knowledge of the controlled substance. Under Chicone v. State and State v. Dominguez, the jury must be instructed on whether the defendant knew of the precise substance and its illicit nature, and this error cannot be considered harmless when knowledge is a major part of the defense.
[1] A defendant is entitled to a jury instruction on knowledge of the precise illicit nature of a controlled substance when that knowledge is a central issue in the defense.
[2] A trial court errs by refusing a requested jury instruction on knowledge of a controlled substance if the instruction is consistent with controlling precedent and the iss…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the jury must be instructed on the issue of whether he knew of the precise substance and its illicit nature”
Establishes the legal requirement that the jury must receive instruction on knowledge of the specific controlled substance, citing Abbott v. State and Chicone v. State
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceIn December 2000, undercover officers arranged for delivery of heroin from a drug dealer known as 'Bart.' Bart called and said he would send someone e…
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LaROSE, Judge.
Michael A. Nedd requests a new trial after being convicted and sentenced for delivery of a controlled substance. He argues that the trial court-erred in refusing to give his requested instruction on knowledge of the controlled substance. We agree and reverse and remand for a new trial.1
In January 2001, the State charged Mr. Nedd with trafficking in illegal drugs. See § 893.135(l)(c)l.c., Fla. Stat. (2000). We can summarize the facts succinctly. In December 2000, undercover officers arranged for the delivery of two ounces of heroin from a drug dealer known as “Bart.” Prior to the planned delivery, Bart called and advised that he would send someone in his place. Mr. Nedd soon arrived, entered the officers’ car, gave them a paper bag containing heroin, and accepted $5000 from one of the officers.
Mr. Nedd went to jury trial in August 2004.2 A major part of his defense was his lack of knowledge that the bag contained heroin. At the jury instruction charge conference, Mr. Nedd requested an instruction on knowledge consistent with Chicone v. State, 684 So. 2d 736 (Fla.1996). The trial court declined to give the instruction because it was not contained in the standard instructions. Mr. Nedd advised the trial court of Abbott v. State, 744 So. 2d 578 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). He explained that Abbott held that under Chicone and State v. Dominguez, 509 So. 2d 917 (Fla. 1987), the jury must be instructed on the issue of whether he knew of the precise substance and its illicit nature.3 See Abbott, 744 So. 2d at 579-80. The trial court declined to give the requested instruction, ruling that the standard instruction allowable in 2004 adequately covered the subject.
During its deliberations, the jury asked whether the “defendant [must] have known that it was specifically heroin versus controlled substance.” Mr. Nedd again argued that the jury question should be answered in the affirmative. But the trial court disagreed and advised the jury that it must rely on the evidence and the instructions it received. The jury returned a verdict of guilty of the lesser offense of delivery of a controlled substance.
The facts here are similar to those in Abbott, where the jury asked: “Does she have to know specificly (sic) if there’s meth in the rubber glove? OR just as (sic) dope in the glove[.]” 744 So. 2d at 579 (alteration in original). As in Abbott, a major part of Mr. Nedd’s defense was his lack of knowledge that the bag contained heroin. Thus the erroneous instruction cannot be considered harmless. See id. at 580; see also Grant v. State, 815 So. 2d 667 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002) (reversing delivery conviction for failure to give requested Chicone instruction).
Reversed and remanded for a new trial.
DAVIS, J., and ST. ARNOLD, JACK R., Associate Judge, Concur. . Mr. Nedd’s appeal proceeds as a belated appeal. See Fla. R.App. P. 9.141(c). Because we reverse for a new trial, we need not address in detail Mr. Nedd’s remaining claims. However, concerning his acquittal argument, we note that ”[t]he issue of knowledge of the presence of a drug is usually an ultimate question that the jury must decide on factual inferences.” State v. Ladrig, 707 So. 2d 819, 820 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998).
We also observe that Mr. Nedd raised issues dealing with the sentence imposed after his 2004 trial. A postconviction court previously denied relief on motions filed pursuant to Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure 3.800 and .3.850 in 2004 and 2005. He did not appeal the denial of the rule 3.800 motion. Mr. Nedd appealed the denial of his rule 3.850 motion; we affirmed. See Nedd v. State, 923 So. 2d 1172 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006) (table decision). Our granting of a new trial will result in a new sentencing if Mr. Nedd is convicted. However, the sentencing issues he argued in this appeal were previously decided and could not be reraised here.
. Mr. Nedd originally entered a plea in 2001. In 2002, he unsuccessfully sought relief from an illegal sentence under rule 3.800. See Nedd v. State, 855 So. 2d 664 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003). In 2004, the postconviction court granted Mr. Nedd’s rule 3.850 motion and vacated the 2001 judgment and sentence.
. Statutory amendments later deleted the specific knowledge requirement, but those changes were not effective until May 13, 2002, and do not apply retroactively. See Whitehurst v. State, 852 So. 2d 902, 903 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003).
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Barrientos v. State, 1 So. 3d 1209 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009)…ffense under [chapter 893].” Thus the statute eliminated what had been the fourth element of the State’s proof of a trafficking offense, i.e., that the defendant knew that the substance was cocaine or a mixture containing cocaine. See Nedd v. State, 965 So. 2d 1287, 1288 n. 3 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007); Snell v. State, 939 So. 2d 1175, 1179 n. 1 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006). Section 893.101 became effective May 13, 2002. See Whitehurst v. State, 852 So. 2d 902, 903 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003). Because the date of Jose A.’s alleged off…
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Helms v. State, 38 So. 3d 182 (Fla. 1st DCA 2010)…a question of fact for the jury to decide. See State v. Ladrig, 707 So. 2d 819, 820 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998) (stating “[t]he issue of knowledge [ ] is usually an ultimate question that the jury must decide on factual inferences”); see also Nedd v. State, 965 So. 2d 1287 n. 1 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007). Accordingly, if the jury could reasonably infer from the evidence presented at trial that defendant knew or had reason to believe the escort would engage in prostitution, the question must be left for the jury to decide. Sev…
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Mack v. State, 91 So. 3d 868 (Fla. 2d DCA 2012)…addition to Whitehurst, other cases from this court have specifically held that a defendant who commits a crime prior to the May 2002 amendment to the possession statute is entitled to the Chicone instruction on guilty knowledge. See Nedd v. State, 965 So. 2d 1287, 1288 (Fla. 2d DCA 2007); Grant v. State, 815 So. 2d 667, 668 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002). Had Mack gone to trial, he would have been entitled to that instruction also. The version of the statute applicable to Mack’s crimes has not been held unconstitutiona…
Previewing 3 of 4 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Chicone v. State, 684 So. 2d 736 (Fla. 1996)
- State v. Dominguez, 509 So. 2d 917 (Fla. 1987)
- Nedd v. State, 855 So. 2d 664 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003)
- Grant v. State, 815 So. 2d 667 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002)
- Whitehurst v. State, 852 So. 2d 902 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003)
- Abbott v. State, 744 So. 2d 578 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999)
- State v. Ladrig, 707 So. 2d 819 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998)