JAMES INGRAM, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 2007-12-19
No. 4D07-819
STONE and MAY, JJ., concur.
977 So. 2d 605 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (2007)

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Synopsis

James Ingram was convicted of burglary with battery and grand theft, then sentenced on remand by a successor judge rather than the original sentencing judge. The court reversed the sentence, holding that Florida law prohibits sentencing by a successor judge absent a showing of necessity or emergency.


Holding

A successor judge may not sentence a defendant unless the record demonstrates that substitution of judges is necessary or dictated by an emergency. The defendant is entitled to reversal of a sentence imposed by a successor judge even without showing prejudice when no necessity or emergency is demonstrated.


Headnotes

[1] A successor judge may not sentence a defendant unless the record demonstrates that the substitution of judges is necessary or dictated by an emergency.

[2] Sentencing by a substitute judge is improper solely for the convenience of the court.

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Key Quotes

“it is improper for a successor judge to sentence a defendant unless the record shows that the substitution of judges is necessary or dictated by an emergency.”

Establishes the core legal principle that successor judges cannot sentence defendants absent necessity or emergency

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Facts & Procedural History

Ingram was tried by jury and convicted of burglary of a dwelling with battery and grand theft. The original judge sentenced him to life as a Prison Re…

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Opinion of the Court
STEVENSON, J.

STEVENSON, J.

This is the second appearance of this case before this court. James Ingram was tried by jury and convicted of burglary of a dwelling with a battery (count I) and grand theft (count II). Following the return of the guilty verdict, Judge Krathen sentenced Ingram to life as a Prison Re-leasee Reoffender for count I and to ten years for count II. No habitual felony offender designation was made by Judge Krathen to support the sentence imposed for count II.

Ingram appealed. This court affirmed Ingram’s convictions and the sentence for count I, but reversed the sentence imposed on count II because, absent a habitual felony offender designation, the maximum possible penalty for a third degree felony is five years. See Ingram v. State, 943 So. 2d 325 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006). The ease was remanded to the trial court for resentencing on count II.

On remand, Judge Backman. — and not Judge Krathen, the judge who presided at trial and initially imposed sentence — presided. Judge Backman sentenced Ingram to the five-year statutory maximum. At the hearing, Ingram objected to being sentenced by Judge Backman as he was not the initial sentencing judge. In this appeal, the defendant again seeks reversal of the sentence imposed for count II, arguing, as he did below, that his sentencing by a successor judge was improper. We agree.

Florida law clearly provides that “it is improper for a successor judge to sentence a defendant unless the record shows that the substitution of judges is necessary or dictated by an emergency.” Baskin v. State, 898 So. 2d 266, 267 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005). Mere convenience cannot justify sentencing by a substitute judge. See Mack v. State, 643 So. 2d 701, 701 '(Fla. 1st DCA 1994). Further, where a defendant is sentenced by a successor judge in the absence of a demonstration of necessity or emergency, he or she is entitled to reversal of the sentence imposed “even without a showing of prejudice to the defendant.” Madrigal v. State, 683 So. 2d 1093, 1096-97 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). As there was no attempt to establish that the original sentencing judge was not available or to demonstrate that sentencing by Judge Backman was a matter of necessity or emergency, we reverse the sentence imposed.1 The case is remanded to the trial court for resentencing before Judge Krathen or a substitute judge upon a demonstration of necessity or emergency.

Reversed and Remanded.

STONE and MAY, JJ., concur. . We reject the State’s claim that the defendant's objection was untimely. The transcript shows that after some back and forth discussions between the prosecutor and the trial judge at the beginning of the hearing, the trial judge immediately pronounced the sentence; subsequently, defense counsel made his objection. In our view, defense counsel could have reasonably presumed that he would have been given the opportunity to address the court prior to the announcement of the sentence.


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