HEARN PROPERTIES, INC., APPELLANT,
v.
ALBERT WILFORD CRUCE, APPELLEE
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Hearn Properties appeals a judgment quieting title to a disputed strip of land in favor of the Cruce heirs based on boundary by acquiescence. The First District Court of Appeal, sitting en banc, reversed the judgment and receded from prior district court decisions that conflicted with controlling Florida Supreme Court precedent, holding that the mere existence of a fence is insufficient to establish the element of uncertainty or dispute required for boundary by acquiescence.
The court held that the existence of a fence alone is insufficient to establish the element of uncertainty or dispute necessary for boundary by acquiescence. The court reversed the judgment and receded from prior First District decisions in O'Steen and Givens that permitted fence existence alone to satisfy this element, holding that controlling Supreme Court precedent in Shaw v. Williams and Van Meter v. Kelsey requires proof of actual dispute or mutual uncertainty between the parties about the boundary location.
[1] A fence's mere existence and duration are insufficient, on their own, to establish uncertainty or dispute as to a boundary line for purposes of a boundary by acquiescence…
[2] To establish a boundary by acquiescence, a party must prove uncertainty or dispute as to the true boundary, the location of a boundary line by the parties, and acquiescen…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“There is nothing in the record to indicate that the fence in question was agreed upon as the boundary between the two properties.... The only evidence to show that the fence was regarded as the boundary between the properties was the existence of the fence itself. This is not sufficient.”
Establishes that mere fence existence cannot prove the uncertainty element of boundary by acquiescence under Van Meter v. Kelsey.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceWhen the O'Quinn grandparents owned both parcels, they used a fence to divide crops and keep livestock separated. The northern parcel was sold in 1960…
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Hearn Properties, Inc. (Hearn) appeals a final judgment establishing an old fence *878line as the boundary between land Hearn owns and a parcel owned by Albert W. Cruce and other heirs of Mattie Frances Cruce. The judgment on appeal quiets title to a disputed strip of land in the Cruce heirs. In order to decide the case under the rule of decision our supreme court has laid down, we are obliged to sit en banc. See Fla. R.App. P. 9.331(a) (“En banc hearings ... shall not be ordered unless the case is of exceptional importance or unless necessary to maintain uniformity in the court’s decisions.”); Pangilinan v. Broward County, 914 So.2d 1094, 1097 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005) (en banc) (receding from district court decisions that failed to follow supreme court precedent).
As an en banc court, we overrule our decisions that cannot be reconciled with contrary decisions of the Supreme Court of Florida, specifically Van Meter v. Kelsey, 91 So.2d 327 (FIa.1956), and Shaw v. Williams, 50 So.2d 125 (Fla.1950), and reverse the judgment below on the authority of Van Meter and Slum. See In re Rule 9.331, Determination of Causes by a District Court of Appeal En Bane, Fla. Rttles of Appellate Procedure, 416 So.2d 1127, 1128 (Fla.1982) (“We would expect that, in most instances, a three-judge panel confronted with precedent with which it disagrees will suggest an en banc hearing.”). Because the supreme court decisions we now follow antedate the First District decisions that we are constrained to disavow, proceeding en banc is necessary, even though we are receding from our decisions only in order to give effect to binding decisions handed down by a higher court. See Pangilinan, 914 So.2d at 1097 (sitting en banc to recede from district court decisions at odds with supreme court decisions antedating the district court decisions receded from). Cf Pettinato v. Johnson, 674 So.2d 148, 149-50 (Fla. 2d DCA 1996) (three-judge panel recognizing that a supreme court opinion in a case decided subsequent to district court decisions required the district court panel to “recede from the following three opinions of this court”).
The present case was tried to the court below, which made certain findings of fact in the judgment under review. Soon after acquiring the property, Hearn began constructing a fence along the boundary line demarcated by its surveyor. This led Mr. Cruce, an owner of the parcel abutting to the south, to file suit and allege that the boundary was not the survey line but an old fence line situated north of and parallel to it. On this basis, Mr. Cruce claimed ownership1 of 3.61 acres lying north of the survey line and south of the old fence line. Pleading in the alternative, he alleged boundary by acquiescence and/or agreement and adverse possession under color of title. By the time of the bench trial, however, only boundary by acquiescence was at issue.2
At one time, Mr. Cruce’s parcel and the Hearn parcel were both owned by Mr. Cruce’s grandparents, I.D. and Mattie O’Quinn. When the O’Quinns owned both parcels, they used the property for agricultural purposes, to cultivate crops and raise *879livestock. The fence “[d]ivid[ed] the crops” and helped keep livestock out of the crops long before the northern parcel was sold in 1960 to Hearn’s predecessor in title. Mattie Frances Cruce, Mr. Cruce’s mother, purchased the southern parcel from her parents in 1964. She owned the southern parcel until her death in 1989, when Mr. Cruce and others inherited it.
The trial court entered judgment against Hearn and quieted title in Mr. Cruce and the other hems, ruling that the evidence established each of the three elements of boundary by acquiescence:
(1) Uncertainty or dispute as to the location of the true boundary. (2) Location of a boundary line by the parties. (3) Acquiescence in such location for the prescriptive period.
Shaw v. Williams, 50 So.2d 125, 126 (Fla. 1950). But the trial court found that Mr. Cruce had offered no “direct evidence” of any uncertainty or dispute as to the location of the boundary — the only element Hearn had contested.
Instead, relying on cases we had decided, the trial court ruled that “the placement and duration of the fence itself, absent another explanation for its specific location, is sufficient evidence of the requisite doubt or uncertainty to establish a boundary by acquiescence.”3 McDonald v. Givens, 509 So.2d 992, 993 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987) (citing McDonald v. O’Steen, 429 So.2d 407, 409 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983)). The trial court concluded that “the placement and duration of the fence itself” gave rise to a presumption of a boundary dispute which other evidence had failed to rebut. Id. But any such presumption defies common sense in a case like the present one: when the fence was built, the land on either side of the fence was, as far as the record reveals,'4 in common ownership.
In any event, our supreme court has expressly held that, in proving a claim of boundary by acquiescence, the existence of a fence is alone insufficient to establish any dispute or uncertainty as to the location of the boundary. See Van Meter, 91 So.2d at 330 (ruling boundary by “recognition and acquiescence” not established because “[tjhere is nothing in the record to indicate that the fence in question was agreed upon as the boundary between the two properties.... The only evidence to show that the fence was regarded as the boundary between the properties was the existence of the fence itself. This is not sufficient.”); Shaiv, 50 So.2d at 127-28 (ruling, on claim of boundary by acquiescence, dispute element not satisfied absent evidence that, at the time hedge was plant*880ed, there was any discussion of a boundary, holding: “When one relies on a boundary established by acquiescence there must be mutual uncertainty or an actual dispute between them about the boundary line. Such an uncertainty means actual lack of knowledge on the part of both land owners of the true boundary line”).
The rule laid down in O’Steen and Givens cannot be squared with Van Meter and Shaw, supreme court precedent that antedates those decisions. Our sister courts have, understandably, declined to adopt this view.5 But see Tarin v. Sniezek, 942 So.2d 458, 460-61 (Fla. 4th DCA 2006) (distinguishing Givens on factual grounds).
While we have sometimes given lip service — as the trial court did below in the present case — to there being three distinct elements of boundary by acquiescence, see, e.g., Shultz v. Johnson, 654 So.2d 567, 568 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995) (“The following elements are necessary to establish boundary by acquiescence: (1) a dispute or uncertainty as to the location of the true boundary, implying a cognizance by both parties that the true boundary is in doubt; (2) location of a boundary line by the parties; and (3) the continued occupancy of, and acquiescence to, a line other than the true boundary line for a period of more than seven years.” (citations omitted)), our holdings in O’Steen and Givens effectively collapse all three into a unitary requirement that is met by proving only the existence of a fence (and the absence of any evidence that would otherwise explain its location and duration). This is plainly at odds with the supreme court’s holdings in Shaw and *881 Van Meter. See, e.g., Davenport v. State, 664 So.2d 323, 325 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995) (“Where district courts’ decisions are at odds with supreme court precedent, the supreme court’s decisions control.” (citations omitted)). The supreme court’s decisions, not our own, control, and must be given effect.
Because the holdings in OSteen and Givens cannot be reconciled with the supreme court’s holdings in Shaw and Van Meter, we recede from O’Steen and Givens and any other decision holding that mere construction of a fence suffices to establish a boundary by agreement or acquiescence. Applying Shaw and Van Meter, we reverse the final judgment entered below.
Reversed.
HAWKES, C.J., BARFIELD, ALLEN, WOLF, KAHN, WEBSTER, DAVIS, VAN NORTWICK, PADOVANO, LEWIS, THOMAS, ROBERTS, and CLARK, JJ„ concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Authorities Cited (22 total)
- In re Rule 9.331, 416 So. 2d 1127 (Fla. 1982)
- VAN Meter v. Edward L. Kelsey and his wife, 91 So. 2d 327 (Fla. 1956)
- Shaw v. Williams, 50 So.2d 125 (Fla. 1950)
- Blackburn v. Fla. W. Coast Land & Dev. Co., 109 So. 2d 413 (Fla. 2d DCA 1959)
- McDONALD v. O'Steen, 429 So. 2d 407 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983)
- Pangilinan v. Broward Cnty., 914 So. 2d 1094 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005)
- Nettie McDONALD v. Ossie Howard Givens and Doris Linnell Givens, 509 So. 2d 992 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987)
- Bailey v. Hagler, 575 So. 2d 679 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991)
- Davenport v. State, 664 So. 2d 323 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995)
- Seton v. Swann, 650 So. 2d 35 (Fla. 1995)