STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
JOHN MCMAHON, APPELLEE
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A sentencing order imposing a legal sentence is not appealable by the state, even if the trial court improperly initiated plea negotiations or failed to conduct a hearing on habitual felony offender status.
[1] A state may not appeal a sentencing order imposing a legal sentence, even if the trial court improperly initiated plea negotiations.
[2] A trial court must not initiate plea dialogue, but may participate in discussions upon request of a party.
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The state appeals a sentencing order imposing a legal sentence and argues that *369the trial court improperly initiated plea negotiations with the defendant, John McMahon, and also refused to conduct a hearing on the defendant’s habitual felony offender status over the state’s objection. Although the record below supports both claims, we dismiss, finding that a sentencing order imposing a legal sentence is not an order appealable by the state.
The defendant was charged with possession of cocaine, possession of drug paraphernalia, and grand theft. The state filed a notice of intent to seek a habitual felony offender sentence. During a hearing, the trial court advised the defendant, “You can have the bottom of the guidelines today. I won’t habitualize him if he wants that today. If [he] doesn’t, he takes his chances down the road.” The state objected, arguing that it was entitled to a hearing on the defendant’s status as a habitual felony offender. The defendant accepted the plea, and he was sentenced within the guidelines to eighteen months in prison.
The Florida Supreme Court has admonished that a “trial court must not initiate a plea dialogue; rather, at its discretion, it may (but is not required to) participate in such discussions upon request of a party.” State v. Warner, 762 So.2d 507, 513 (Fla.2000). Once the trial court has been invited to participate, it may “actively discuss potential sentences and comment on proposed plea agreements.” Id. at 514. Although it is improper for a trial court to initiate a plea discussion, neither Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.140(c) nor section 924.07, Florida Statutes (2009), authorizes the state to appeal court-initiated plea agreements. Further, this court held in State v. Figueroa, 728 So.2d 787 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999), that the state could not appeal a sentencing order imposing a legal sentence after the trial court advised the defendant that it would withhold adjudication of guilt and place the defendant on probation if the defendant pled guilty to the crimes charged. Id. at 787. This court determined that a trial court’s initiation of plea discussions does not render an otherwise legal sentence “illegal” for purposes of a state appeal under Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.140(c) or section 924.07. Id. at 788; see also State v. Hewitt, 702 So.2d 633, 634-35 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997) (holding that the state does not have the right to appeal a sentencing order that imposes a legal sentence that does not constitute a downward departure even though the trial court initiated its own plea agreement with the defendant).
In the instant case, the trial court initiated plea discussions with the defendant without invitation of either party and over the state’s objection that it was entitled to a hearing on the defendant’s status as a habitual felony offender. Although the court-initiated plea negotiation was improper under the standard espoused in Warner, the sentence of eighteen months in prison was within the sentencing guidelines and ultimately a legal sentence. Thus, the sentencing order is not appealable by the state according to this court’s holding in Figueroa. 1 We acknowledge that the Fifth District reached a contrary conclusion in State v. Chaves-Mendez, 809 So.2d 910, 910-11 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002) (“The trial court’s initiation of plea negotiations with the defendant was per se reversible error.”). The majority opinion in Chaves-Mendez does not discuss whether the sen*370tence was a legal sentence; however, the concurring opinion explains that the sentence was a downward departure from the sentencing guidelines. Id. Although Chaves-Mendez appears to be factually distinguishable from the instant case because it dealt with a downward departure sentence, the opinion itself did not make that distinction, so we certify conflict with the majority’s decision.
We also conclude that the trial court’s failure to conduct a hearing on the defendant’s habitual felony offender status is not an appealable issue for the state. In State v. Hewitt, 21 So.3d 914 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009), this court recently held that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction to review a trial court’s failure to conduct a hearing or make written or oral findings on the defendant’s habitual felony offender status because the sentence ultimately imposed was a legal sentence. As discussed above, the sentence imposed by the trial court in the instant case was within the sentencing guidelines and, therefore, legal. Accordingly, the sentencing order is not appealable by the state, and this appeal must be dismissed.
Dismissed.
TAYLOR and CIKLIN, JJ., concur.
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State v. McMAHON, 94 So. 3d 468 (Fla. 2012)…LABARGA, J. This case is before the Court for review of the decision of the Fourth District Court of Appeal in State v. McMahon, 47 So. 3d 368 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010). The district court certified that its decision is in direct conflict with the decision of the Fifth District Court of Appeal in State v. Chaves-Mendez, 809 So. 2d 910 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002), on a question of law. We have jurisdicti…1 / 3
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Lebron v. State, 127 So. 3d 597 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012)…tes due process under Wilson v. State, 845 So. 2d 142 (Fla.2003). A trial court “must not initiate a plea dialogue; rather at its discretion, it may (but is not required to) participate in such discussions upon request of a party.” State v. McMahon, 47 So. 3d 368, 369 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010), aff'd, 94 So. 3d 468 (Fla. 2012) (quoting State v. Warner, 762 So. 2d 507, 513 (Fla.2000) (emphasis added)). The other factors that should be considered in determining whether a sentence was the result of judicial vindictiv…
Authorities Cited
- State v. Warner, 762 So. 2d 507 (Fla. 2000)
- State v. Hewitt, 702 So. 2d 633 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997)
- State v. Chaves-Mendez, 809 So. 2d 910 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002)
- State v. Estevan Figueroa, 728 So. 2d 787 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- State v. Hewitt, 21 So. 3d 914 (Fla. 4th DCA 2009)