WILLIAM LEE RUDD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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William Lee Rudd appeals his revocation of community control and 171-month prison sentence for failure to report a change of address as a sex offender. The court affirmed the revocation and sentence but held that the trial court erroneously believed it lacked discretion to impose a downward departure sentence other than the statutory maximum, and that proper presentation of the downward departure issue would warrant resentencing.
The trial court had discretion to impose any sentence less than the lowest permissible guidelines sentence (14.25 years), including sentences between the statutory maximum (5 years) and the guidelines minimum, if valid grounds for departure existed. The trial court's erroneous belief that it lacked such discretion suggests the defendant would be entitled to resentencing if the downward departure issue had been properly preserved.
[1] A trial court errs by believing it lacks discretion to impose a downward departure sentence other than the statutory maximum when the lowest permissible guidelines senten…
[2] A defendant's need for and amenability to specialized treatment of a physical disability constitutes a valid reason for a downward departure sentence.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“If the lowest permissible sentence under the code exceeds the statutory maximum sentence as provided in s. 775.082, the sentence required by the code must be imposed.”
Establishes that when guidelines exceed statutory maximum, the guidelines sentence becomes the actual maximum absent valid departure grounds.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceRudd was placed on community control and violated a condition of supervision. At revocation sentencing, the defense requested a downward departure bas…
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William Lee Rudd appeals the trial court’s revocation of community control, and its imposition of a 171-month prison sentence. We reject appellant’s contentions that the evidence he violated a condition of his community control was insufficient to justify revocation, and that his sentence constitutes cruel and unusual punishment. We write only to address the trial court’s stated belief that it lacked the discretion to impose any downward departure sentence other than the statutory maximum — discretion it in fact had if it decided grounds to impose a downward departure sentence existed.
Following revocation of community control, the defense requested a downward departure based on appellant’s “extreme heart condition.” Mr. Rudd’s wife testified he had suffered nine heart attacks and could not be left alone. Defense counsel argued that the Department of Corrections could not “properly address[ ]” Mr. Rudd’s heart condition and that incarceration “would endanger his health.”
While acknowledging prior downward departure sentences for Mr. Rudd could have “had something to do with his medical condition,” the state argued that the trial court should not again depart downward. In pronouncing sentence, the trial court stated:
All right. Mr. Rudd, you didn’t give me a whole lot of wiggle room, frankly. The guidelines sentence is more than I would prefer to impose, but we tried supervision twice and frankly you messed it up. You violated the single most important part of the supervision restrictions against you, the one thing that most frightens us all, and knowingly did that.
Frankly, I hate saddling the Department of Corrections with you for 14 years, but I don’t really see any legal way out of it. If I go below the guidelines, my understanding of the law is I can only give you the maximum penalty of statut[e], which would be five years, which I don’t think is enough.
Based upon my findings, I do find that you violated your supervision, community control and probation. I sentence you to 171 months Department of Corrections ....
At the time, defense counsel did not take issue with the trial court’s rationale for denying his request for a downward departure. Preservation issues may well explain why the point was not argued on appeal.
Absent a downward departure, appellant’s lowest permissible sentence under the Criminal Punishment Code (CPC) was 171 months (14.25 years), even though this exceeded the five-year statutory maximum for the underlying offense — failure of a sex offender to report a change in address. “If the lowest permissible sentence under the code exceeds the statutory maximum sentence as provided in s. 775.082, the sentence required by the code must be *1017imposed.[1]” § 921.0024(2), Fla. Stat. (2013). Accordingly, 171 months was “[t]he lowest permissible sentence ... [that could] be imposed by the trial court, absent a valid reason for departure.” Id. (emphasis added). A defendant’s need for (and amenability to) specialized treatment of a physical disability is a valid reason for departure. § 921.0026(2)(d), Fla. Stat. (2013); see Childers v. State, 171 So.3d 170, 171-72 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015) (explaining that defense counsel sought a downward departure under § 921.0026(2)(d), based on the defendant’s “cirrhosis of the liver, gastrointestinal problems, and internal bleeding,” and noting that the state acknowledged defendant had “ ‘some pretty undeniable medical conditions’ ”).
Declaring that “[t]he guidelines sentence [wa]s more than [it] would prefer to impose,” the trial court in the present case nevertheless imposed the guidelines sentence, stating that, if the court went “below the guidelines,” it could impose only the five-year “maximum penalty of statut[e],” which it believed to be insufficient. Neither the CPC nor case law provides, however, that the statutory maximum sentence becomes the only downward departure sentence available whenever the lowest permissible guidelines sentence exceeds the statutory maximum. See generally § 921.0024, Fla. Stat.
Assuming a legal basis to depart downward supported by the evidence, the trial court had the discretion to .sentence Mr. Rudd to any term less than 14.25 years (the lowest permissible guidelines sentence and thus the actual maximum), including a sentence of less than five years (the statutory maximum). See generally Childers, 171 So.3d at 172 (explaining the two-part process for trial courts in determining whether to depart downward from the sentencing guidelines). Initially placing Mr. Rudd on probation in the case— notwithstanding the fact that his lowest permissible guidelines sentence at the time was 162 months in prison — is an example of a downward departure sentence other than the statutory maximum.2
It is not at all clear the trial court would have imposed a 171-month sentence had it exercised the full discretion in sentencing appellant that the law actually allows. Indeed, the record suggests otherwise. If the issue had been properly presented and preserved, Mr. Rudd would be entitled to be resentenced. See Childers, 171 So.3d at 173-74; Camacho v. State, 164 So.3d 45, 48 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015). Although the failure of a trial court to depart downward may not ordinarily be appealed, see Stancliff v. State, 996 So.2d 259, 259-60 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008), appellate courts have “remanded for resentencing where the defendant received a legal sentence but the trial court failed to exercise the discretion it had under the statutes.” Colletta v. State, 126 So.3d 1090, 1091 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012) (remanding for resentencing where trial court incorrectly ruled it had no discretion *1018to impose a downward departure sentence when a defendant with a mental disorder failed to establish that DOC could not provide' the required specialized treatment); see Childers, 171 So.3d at 173 n. 1, 173-74; see also Camacho, 164 So.3d at 48 (remanding for resentencing because the district court was “unable to determine from the record whether the circuit court would have imposed the same sentence if it had understood that it had authority to depart”).
Following issuance of the mandate in this case, the trial court may wish to take these circumstances ' into account in the event a motion to reduce Mr. Rudd’s sentence is filed. See Fla. R.Crim. P. 3.800(c) (providing “[a] court may reduce ... a legal sentence imposed by it, sua sponte, or upon motion filed, within 60 days after the imposition, or within 60 days after receipt by the court of a mandate issued by the appellate court on affirmance of the judgment and/or sentence on an original appeal”).
Affirmed.
WOLF and MAKAR, JJ., concur.
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Mason v. State, 210 So. 3d 120 (Fla. 2d DCA 2016)…currently. When a trial court labors under the mistaken impression that it cannot exercise its discretion at sentencing, the appellant is entitled to be resentenced. See, e.g., Kelly v. State, 727 So. 2d 1084, 1085 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999); Rudd v. State, 177 So. 3d 1015, 1017-18 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015); Colletta v. State, 126 So. 3d 1090, 1091 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012). The trial court did not have the benefit of Williams at the time of Mr. Mason’s sentencing, and so we are compelled to reverse and remand for resentencing in…
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- Franquiz v. State, 682 So. 2d 536 (Fla. 1996)
- Camacho v. State, 164 So. 3d 45 (Fla. 2d DCA 2015)
- Horne v. State, 6 So. 3d 99 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009)
- Colletta v. State, 126 So. 3d 1090 (Fla. 4th DCA 2012)
- Stancliff v. State, 996 So. 2d 259 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008)
- Childers v. State, 171 So. 3d 170 (Fla. 1st DCA 2015)
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