MOUSTAFA FARGHALI, APPELLANT,
v.
JOYCE FARGHALI, APPELLEE; MOUSTAFA FARGHALI, APPELLANT, V. JOYCE FARGHALI, APPELLEE
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In this consolidated divorce appeal, the Fourth District addressed procedural requirements for preserving claims about inadequate factual findings in equitable distribution cases and clarified the proper method for distributing a pension when the initial QDRO was ineffective. The court affirmed the dissolution judgment but reversed the enforcement mechanism for the pension distribution and remanded for clarification of the payment method.
The court held that: (1) Husband failed to preserve the findings issue by not filing a motion for rehearing in the trial court, and the court adopted this preservation requirement for equitable distribution cases; (2) the trial court retained jurisdiction to enter the second order because it did not materially alter the original judgment; and (3) equitable distribution payments are not enforceable by contempt, only by standard creditor remedies, because they are property rights settlements rather than support obligations.
[1] A party must preserve the issue of a trial court's failure to make specific factual findings in an equitable distribution case by raising the omission in a motion for reh…
[2] A trial court retains jurisdiction to enter orders that do not interfere with the appellate court's power or the rights of parties pending appeal.
Previewing 2 of 5 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“A trial judge who is made aware of the fact that a required finding was omitted could easily re-draft the judgment to include that finding. In contrast, a trial judge who assumes that the form of the judgment was acceptable and learns of the alleged deficiency only after the appeal has been concluded is not likely to be in a position to make the appropriate findings.”
Establishes the rationale for requiring parties to raise omitted findings through motions for rehearing in the trial court rather than preserving such issues for first-time appeal.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceHusband and Wife divorced and the trial court entered a final judgment of dissolution with property distribution orders. The trial court used a QDRO t…
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Appellant Moustafa Farghali (“Husband”) appeals two orders arising from his divorce from Appellee Joyce Farghali (“Wife”). Husband’s two appeals have been consolidated for the purposes of this opinion. We write first to address the need for proper preservation of appellate issues in equitable distribution cases.- The remainder of the opinion will address the distribution of Husband’s pension.
Case 14-1364
Husband’s first assertion on appeal is that the trial court erred in its distribution of the marital property by failing to make specific factual findings as to the disposition of several of the couple’s assets and liabilities. However, Husband did not provide-a trial transcript for appellate review, nor did he alert' the trial court to this alleged shortcoming in a motion for rehearing. The First District has held “a party is not entitled to complain that a judgment in a marital and family law case fails to- contain sufficient findings unless that party raised the omission before the trial court in a motion for rehearing.” Simmons v. Simmons, 979 So.2d 1063, 1064 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008); see also David v. David, 58 So.3d 336, 338 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011) (“[T]he husband failed to preserve this error for appellate review because he did hot file a motion for rehearing in the trial court raising the alleged inadequacy of factual findings.”).
Although we have not expressly adopted this, rule before, we do so now. As the First District pointed out in Simmons,
A trial judge .who is made aware of the fact that a required finding was omitted could easily re,draft the judgment to include that finding. In contrast, a trial judge who assumes that the form of the judgment was .acceptable and learns of the .alleged deficiency only after the appeal has been concluded is not likely .to be in a position to make the appropriate findings. It would be unrealistic to assume that a trial judge would remember, a year or so later, the value of a car or ■ boat or some item of personal property that was included in an equitable distribution of property. In.some cases, the-trial courts would be required to begin the process anew, and that would only reward the party who failed to make a. timely objection.
*340Section 61.075(3)(b) requires the trial court to make a finding of the individual value of significant assets but it does not suggest that a failure to make such a finding is an issue that can be raised for the first time on appeal. Like most other legal issues, it must be preserved for review by a timely objection and ruling in the trial court.
Simmons, 979 So.2d at 1065. Because Husband failed to bring the failure-to-make-findings issue to the trial court’s attention in a motion for rehearing, and because there is no trial transcript to facilitate our review of the decision below, we are compelled to affirm the trial court’s final judgment of dissolution order.
Case 15-4161
After Husband’s first appeal had been perfected, it was brought to the trial court’s attention that the Qualified Domestic Relations Order (QDRO) used to distribute Husband’s pension plan was ineffectual for this type of pension. The trial court entered a second order attempting to remedy this error and clarify the distribution of this marital asset. Husband argues the trial court was without jurisdiction to enter this new order. ’However, “[w]hile [an] appeal is pending, the-trial'court retains jurisdiction ‘with regard' to those matters which do hot interfere with the power and authority of the appellate court or with the rights of a party to the appeal which are under consideration by the appellate court.’” Jallali v. Knightsbridge Vill. Homeowners’ Ass’n, 152 So.3d 808, 810 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014) (quoting Palma Sola Harbour Condo., Inc. v. Huber, 374 So.2d 1135, 1138 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979)). Here, it does not appear the trial court’s actions materially altered the original judgment, as this change merely modifies the terminology used to transfer the monies from Husband to Wife without changing anything of substance. See McDonald v. McDonald, 731 So.2d 132, 133 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999) (“An order which is the functional equivalent of a QDRO secures those rights to the wife and places the husband in no different position than if an actual QDRO were entered.”); Rumler v. Rumler, 932 So.2d 1165, 1167 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006) (“Equity empowers the trial court to fashion an alternative remedy to safeguard the Wife’s interest in the pension [when a QDRO is ineffective].”).
Unfortunately] even though the trial court’s intent appears to have been to craft an alternative to the QDRO, the trial court’s language in the second order leaves some ambiguities as to the exact method of dividing the pension. Specifically, one possible reading . allows for Husband • to transfer a portion of his monthly pension payments to Wife as they are received, while another conceivable reading of the order implies Husband is to make a lump sum payment to Wife. In order to address this ambiguity, we remand the case to the trial court to enter a new order distributing Husband’s pension plan in an equitable manner. Presumably, this can best be accomplished by requiring Husband to pay to Wife half of his monthly pension benefits upon receipt of said payments. A lump sum distribution of some portion of the total estimated pension value is inherently speculative and would almost certainly result in one spouse obtaining greater financial benefits from the pension than the other.
Finally, we reverse the portion of the trial court’s order that made the equitable distribution order enforceable through the court’s contempt power. “[T]he contempt power of a court [cannot] be invoked for the ‘settlement of property rights as opposed to alimony, support or maintenance of one to whom the duty is owed.’ ” Pineiro v. Pineiro, 988 So.2d 686, *341687 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008) (quoting Whelan v. Whelan, 736 So.2d 732, 733 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)). “Enforcement through contempt of debts not involving support violates Article I, section 11 of the Florida Constitution, which prohibits imprisonment for debt.” Id. “Payments for equitable distribution ... are not enforceable by contempt, ‘but only by the usual remedies available to a creditor against his debtor.’ ” Pipitone v. Pipitone, 23 So.3d 131, 136 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009) (citations omitted) (quoting Howell v. Howell, 207 So.2d 607, 510-12 (Fla. 2d DCA 1968)). However, “[i]f the substance of a provision requiring payment is found to be in the nature of support, rather than an exchange for a property interest, the failure to make the payment may be enforced by the remedy of civil contempt.” Cummings v. Cummings, 37 So.3d 287, 290 (Fla. 4th DCA 2010). In this case, the payments were ordered as part of an equitable distribution scheme, not alimony or support. As such, the payments are not enforceable by contempt.
Conclusion
We affirm the trial court’s February 2014 final judgment of dissolution of marriage. We reverse the trial court’s March 2015 Order Granting Former Wife’s Motion for Enforcement of QDRO insofar as it made the equitable distribution order enforceable through the court’s contempt power, and we remand to have the trial court enter a new order distributing Husband’s pension plan in an equitable manner consistent with this opinion.
Affirmed in part, Reversed and Remanded in part.
LEVINE and CONNER, JJ, concur.
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FOX v. FOX, 262 So. 3d 789 (Fla. 4th DCA 2018)…le that "a party is not entitled to complain that a judgment in a marital and family law case fails to contain sufficient findings unless [*797] that party raised the omission before the trial court in a motion for rehearing." Farghali v. Farghali , 187 So. 3d 338, 339 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016) (quoting Simmons v. Simmons , 979 So. 2d 1063, 1064 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008) ).3 But we had previously addressed this same issue and reached the opposite conclusion. See, e.g. , Badgley v. Sanchez , 165 So. 3d 742 (Fla. 4th DCA…1 / 4
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Kuchera v. Kuchera, 230 So. 3d 135 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017)…wife’s counsel acknowledged “there needs to be a final number figured out in terms of the difference between alimony that was paid from May ’06 forward to alimony that should have been paid from May ’06 forward.” As we said in Farghali v. Farghali, 187 So. 3d 338 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016), “a party is not entitled to complain that a judgment in a marital and family law case fails to contain sufficient findings unless that party raised the omission before the trial court in a motion for rehearing.” Id. at 339 (quot…
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Fox v. Fox, 262 So. 3d 789 (Fla. 4th DCA 2018)…olve a conflict within our court. We hold that the failure to comply with the statute’s requirement of factual findings is reversible error regardless of whether a motion for rehearing is filed. In doing so, we recede from Farghali v. Farghali, 187 So. 3d 338 (Fla. 4th DCA 2016), which departed from our precedent that the failure to 2 make the statutory findings constitutes reversible error.1 We further certify conflict with the First, Second, Third, and Fifth Districts on whether a motion for r…1 / 4
Previewing 3 of 4 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (12 total)
- Whelan v. Whelan, 736 So. 2d 732 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- Palma Sola Harbour Condo., Inc. v. Huber, 374 So. 2d 1135 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979)
- Dukene Myrtil v. State, 979 So. 2d 1063 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008)
- Pipitone v. Pipitone, 23 So. 3d 131 (Fla. 2d DCA 2009)
- Simmons v. Simmons, 979 So. 2d 1063 (Fla. 1st DCA 2008)
- David v. David, 58 So. 3d 336 (Fla. 5th DCA 2011)
- Pineiro v. Rigoberto Pineiro & Law Firm of Franklin & Criscuolo, 988 So. 2d 686 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008)
- McDONALD v. McDONALD, 731 So. 2d 132 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)
- Rumler v. Rumler, 932 So. 2d 1165 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)
- Fallon Rahima Jallali v. Knightsbridge Vill. Homeowners' Ass'n, Inc., 152 So. 3d 808 (Fla. 4th DCA 2014)