EDUARDO GARCIA, PETITIONER,
v.
CHRISTIANA TRUST, ETC., ET AL., RESPONDENTS
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The Florida Third District Court of Appeal enforced its prior mandate requiring reinstatement of a 2013 Final Judgment of Foreclosure, holding that a general reservation of jurisdiction in a foreclosure judgment does not permit a trial court to eliminate a lien more than three years after the judgment became final absent specific circumstances and new post-judgment facts justifying equitable relief.
A general reservation of jurisdiction in a foreclosure judgment does not authorize a trial court to eliminate a lien more than three years after final judgment absent a specific reservation of jurisdiction and new post-judgment circumstances affecting the equities of the case. Garcia failed to allege any new or changed circumstances required by Rule 1.540(b)(5) to invoke equitable relief.
[1] A general reservation of jurisdiction in a foreclosure judgment is typically appropriate only for deficiency judgments and does not extend to reopening an unappealed fina…
[2] A trial court may not entertain post-judgment motions absent a rule to the contrary, unless it specifically retained jurisdiction to do so in its final judgment.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the general reservation of jurisdiction in the Final Judgment of Foreclosure does not give the trial court jurisdiction to eliminate the Trust's lien more than three years after the Final Judgment of Foreclosure became final”
States the core holding that general reservations of jurisdiction do not permit post-judgment modification of liens years later
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceEduardo Garcia and his wife held property as tenants by the entireties. The wife allegedly forged Garcia's signature on a note and mortgage. A foreclo…
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Christiana Trust seeks an order enforcing this Court’s mandate in Garcia v. Christiana Trust, 208 So.3d 176 (Fla. 3d DCA 2016). We grant the motion and order the trial court to vacate its April 5, 2017 order.
This is the fourth time this case comes before us. Title to the property was held by the entireties by Petitioner Eduardo Garcia (“Garcia”) and his wife, Bertha. Bertha allegedly forged Garcia’s signature on the Note and Mortgage. When the Bank sought to foreclose, it was only possible against the wife’s interest. The Final Judgment of Foreclosure provided that the *68Bank held a lien against the -property for the debt owed, but not as to Garcia, The property was sold, but the buyer found out after the sale that the property could not be divided because it was held by the entireties. This Court reversed the order denying the buyer’s objections to the sale and ordered the trial court to return the buyer’s money. In that opinion, however, the panel also reversed the Final Judgment' of Foreclosure. Rocketrider v. BankUnited, 138 So. 3d 1223 (Fla. 3d DCA 2014).
Garcia then sought a determination from the trial court that he was not liable on the note and mortgage, and to quiet title. The bank’s successor in interest, Christiana Trust, moved to file an amended complaint in foreclosure and to add new counts. The trial court, relying on the Rocketrider opinion, reversed the Final Judgment arid granted the Trust’s leave to amend the foreclosure complaint,
Garcia appealed, which leads us to the second opinion, Garcia, 208 So.3d 176. In that opinion, this Court recognized that 1) Garcia never appealed from the Final Judgment in Foreclosure back in 2013; thus, that judgment was final; 2) The. Rocketrider appeal was only between the Bank and the buyer—Garcia was not a party to that appeal, and 3) the Final Judgment, in foreclosure was not at issue. The opinion concluded that the Final Judgment could not be reversed or the matter reopened at that point. The panel deemed Garcia’s appeal as a petition for certiorari, granted the petition and quashed the order below granting the Trust’s motion to amend the complaint in foreclosure, and directed the trial court to reinstate the 2013 Final Judgment of Foreclosure.
On remand, Garcia went back to the trial court on a Rule 1.540(b)(6) motion seeking relief from judgment, and asked the trial court to remove the Trust’s lien against the property so that it’ could be sold. Garcia did' not argue the 1.540(b) merits, but rather" contended for the first time at the hearing that the trial court had ongoing jurisdiction to “do equity” because of the general reservation of jurisdiction contained in the Final Judgment of Foreclosure.1
The Trust argued that Garcia was raising this issue for .the first time, as it was not. plead in the 1.640(b) motion. In addition, the Trust argued that the standard general reservation of jurisdiction was not specific, and did not extend to reopening an un-appealed final judgment more than three years later when there had been no change in circumstances. On April 5, 2017, the trial court issued an order determining that it had jurisdiction under the general reservation of jurisdiction clause of the Final Judgment of Foreclosure. The court determined that the Final Judgment “is not a cloud on the title on the property ..', Hence, property can be sold free of said judgment lien—cloud.” Christiana Trust now seeks an order from this Court enforcing the Mandate of Garcia reinstating the Final Judgment of Foreclosure-.2
*69We agree with the Trust that the general reservation of jurisdiction in the Final Judgment of Foreclosure does not give the trial court jurisdiction to eliminate the Trust’s lien more than three years after the Final Judgment of Foreclosure became final. The general reservation of jurisdiction in a foreclosure judgment is deemed in case law to be appropriate for deficiency judgments, but little else. The reservation of jurisdiction in the final judgment of foreclosure must be very specific in order to apply to such things as seeking unpaid assessments post-judgment or post-sale. See, e.g., Cent. Mortg. Co. v. Callahan, 155 So.3d 373, 376 (Fla. 3d DCA 2014) (holding the final judgment contained a general reservation of jurisdiction but did not specifically reserve jurisdiction to determine the amount of assessments due, it merely .retained jurisdiction to enforce— via writs of possession and deficiency judgments—.the final judgment entered in the matter); Harrell v. Harrell, 515 So.2d 1302, 1304 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987) (stating that once a trial court enters a final judgment and the time for filing post-trial motions has expired, a trial court may not entertain post-judgment motions absent a rule to the contrary,-“unless it specifically retained jurisdiction to do so in its final judgment”). Further, the general reservation of jurisdiction does not allow for a supplemental complaint or to add an omitted party post-judgment. See, e.g., Ross v. Wells Fargo Bank, 114 So.3d 256 (Fla 3d DCA 2013).
Florida Rule.of Civil Procedure 1.540(b)(5) requires the moving party to “allege new circumstances affecting the decision made by the trial judge.” Gotham Ins. Co. v. Matthew, 179 So.3d 437, 442 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015) (quoting In re Guardianship of Schiavo, 792 So.2d 551, 561 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)). In addition, the moyant must establish that these new circumstances “make it no longer equitable for the trial court to enforce its earlier decision. In re Guardianship of Schiavo, 792 So.2d at 561. At its core, there must be some new. post-judgment fact or occurrence that requires the trial court, in equity, to recede from its prior order or judgment. See Bank of N.Y. Mellon v. Peterson, 208 So.3d 1218, 1223 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017); see also Miami-Dade Cty. v. Second Sunrise Inv. Corp., 56 So.3d 82, 85-86 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011) (reiterating the clear legal principle that “something must have happened after the entry of final judgment ’ that should ‘equitably limit’ the judgment’s application” in order for rule 1.540(b)(5) to apply); Baker v. Baker, 920 So.2d 689, 692 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006) (“[T]his court has held that the equities mentioned in [rule 1.540(b)(5)] are limited to ones that come to fruition after the final judgment.”). Here, Garcia did not allege below any new or changed, post-judgment circumstances in his written motion, nor does the record reveal any such circumstances.
We therefore grant the Trust’s motion to enforce the Mandate, and order the trial court to vacate the April 5, 2017 order below’ which eliminated the .Trust’s lien against the property, and reinstate' the February 28, 2013 Final Judgment of Foreclosure.
concurring.
I wholeheartedly concur with the majority opinion and write separately to emphasize that this Court’s granting of the Trust’s motion to enforce our earlier mandate should not be interpreted as an independent validation of the Trust’s' lien on Garcia’s wife’s interest in the property. That lien, while adjudicated in a final judgment, is derived from a mortgage purporting to encumber jointly owned marital property. Yet, as adjudicated by the trial *70court in the same final judgment, the mortgage was signed by only one spouse. Because the foreclosure judgment was not appealed, however, the majority opinion does not reach the issue of whether this hen would have withstood appellate scrutiny.
SCALES, J.
concurring.
I wholeheartedly concur with the majority opinion and write separately to emphasize that this Court’s granting of the Trust’s motion to enforce our earlier mandate should not be interpreted as an independent validation of the Trust’s' lien on Garcia’s wife’s interest in the property. That lien, while adjudicated in a final judgment, is derived from a mortgage purporting to encumber jointly owned marital property. Yet, as adjudicated by the trial court in the same final judgment, the mortgage was signed by only one spouse. Because the foreclosure judgment was not appealed, however, the majority opinion does not reach the issue of whether this lien would have withstood appellate scrutiny.
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Maya v. Deutsche Bank, 264 So. 3d 1076 (Fla. 3d DCA 2019)…t retain jurisdiction to allow for a supplemental complaint to add an omitted party post-judgment. In permitting such a supplemental post- judgment proceeding, the trial court acted in the absence of jurisdiction. See also Garcia v. Christiana Tr., 230 So. 3d 66, 69 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017) (“[T]he general reservation of jurisdiction does not allow for a supplemental complaint or to add an omitted party post-judgment.”); Singer v. Singer, 219 So. 3d 944 (Fla. 4th DCA 2017) (holding that the final order “did not c…
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Krisia Del Prado v. Optimus U.S. 801 NW 47th Ave, LLC, 338 So. 3d 1009 (Fla. 3d DCA 2024)…Petit, P.A., and Michael Garcia Petit (Miramar), for appellants. Dimond Kaplan & Rothstein, P.A., and Scott M. Dimond and Lorenz Michel Prüss, for appellees. Before LINDSEY, LOBREE and BOKOR, JJ. PER CURIAM. Affirmed. See Garcia v. Christiana Tr., 230 So. 3d 66, 69 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017) (requiring “the moving party to ‘allege new [post-judgment] circumstances affecting the decision made by the trial judge’”) (quoting Gotham Ins. Co. v. Matthew, 179 So. 3d 437, 442 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015)); United States v. Wat…
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Lago v. Mercantil Commercebank, N.A. (Fla. 3d DCA 2021)…judgment, the trial court properly entered a money judgment enforcing the Stipulation. “The general reservation of jurisdiction in a foreclosure judgment is deemed in case law to be appropriate for deficiency judgment.” Garcia v. Christiana Tr., 230 So. 3d 66, 69 (Fla. 3d DCA 2017). Further, “[f]oreclosure (a.k.a. equity) courts are explicitly granted the authority to enter the legal remedy of a deficiency judgment by virtue of [Florida Statutes] section 702.06 which provides, in pertinent part, that…
Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited (11 total)
- In re Guardianship of Theresa Marie Schiavo v. Schiavo, 792 So. 2d 551 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)
- Alec Ross v. Wells Fargo Bank, 114 So. 3d 256 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013)
- Cent. Mortg. Co. v. Callahan, 155 So. 3d 373 (Fla. 3d DCA 2014)
- Cyrilla Ann Harrell v. Harrell, 515 So. 2d 1302 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)
- The Bank OF NEW York Mellon v. Est. of James D. Peterson, 208 So. 3d 1218 (Fla. 2d DCA 2017)
- Miami-Dade Cnty. v. Second Sunrise Inv. Corp., 56 So. 3d 82 (Fla. 3d DCA 2011)
- Gotham Ins. Co. v. Matthew, 179 So. 3d 437 (Fla. 5th DCA 2015)
- Baker v. Baker, 920 So. 2d 689 (Fla. 2d DCA 2006)
- State v. D.H., 920 So. 2d 689 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006)
- Rocketrider Pictures, LLC v. Bankunited, 138 So. 3d 1223 (Fla. 3d DCA 2014)