T. MYRL KITCHENS, APPELLANT,
v.
GENEVA KITCHENS, APPELLEE
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In this divorce appeal, the Florida District Court of Appeal reversed the trial court's grant of divorce and its award of the husband's homestead property to the wife, but affirmed awards for alimony, child support, and attorney's fees. The case highlights the importance of proper notice when a plaintiff amends her cause of action from separate maintenance to divorce after a defendant has defaulted.
The court reversed the divorce decree portion because the wife's amendment from separate maintenance to divorce constituted a material change in the complaint that required notice to the defaulted husband, even under minimal due process standards. The court also reversed the award of the husband's homestead property interest, holding that the chancellor lacked authority to transfer jointly-owned property without appropriate pleadings or an agreement between the parties. The court affirmed the awards for alimony, child support, and attorney's fees, finding no abuse of discretion.
“Even the most minimal standards of due process would require that notice be given to a party who had suffered a default or decree pro confesso where the complaint has been amended in a matter of substance after the entry of such default.”
Establishes the court's holding that the wife was required to notify the defaulted husband of her material amendment changing the cause of action from separate maintenance to divorce.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe wife filed a complaint in October 1962 seeking separate maintenance under Florida law, explicitly stating she did not seek an absolute divorce unl…
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The appellant-husband was the defendant below and seeks review of a final decree which, inter alia, (1) granted the appellee-wife a divorce; (2) granted the appellee custody of the children; (3) ordered the appellant’s interest in their jointly held property transferred to the appellee as satisfaction for expenditures for necessities found to be due appellee from appellant; and (4) awarded appellee permanent alimony of $250 per month, child support of $450 per month and attorney’s fees of $750.
This action was commenced by appellee in October, 1962, when she filed her “complaint for separate maintenance and other relief” pursuant to § 65.09 et seq., Fla.Stat., F.S. A.,1 alleging certain specific acts of misconduct on the part of appellant as constituting grounds for divorce. The complaint set forth that “plaintiff avers that although she may be entitled to a decree of absolute divorce, a vinculo matrimonii, on the aforesaid grounds, and under the prayer for general relief herein, nevertheless plaintiff in these proceedings does not seek a decree of absolute divorce, unless prayed for prior to the entry of the final decree herein, but seeks alimony and support money unconnected with the divorce, suit money and counsel fees. * * * ” Appellant, after being personally served with process, filed no pleadings to the complaint and subsequently a decree pro confesso was entered against him. On December 7, 1962, the final hearing was held where the appellee and her witnesses presented testimony as to the allegations in her complaint. The next day, December 8, 1962, appellee filed a “motion for the entry of a final decree of divorce,” allegedly for the reason that appellant had, after the appellee filed for separate maintenance, instituted an action for divorce against her in Oklahoma. The appellant was not served or notified of this latter motion. On December 10, 1962, the chancellor entered the final decree which is the subject matter of this appeal.
The appellant raises a number of points on appeal. First, he contends that the lower court lacked jurisdiction over him since he was served with a complaint seeking separate maintenance pursuant to § 65.09, Fla. Stat., F.S.A., and not with one for divorce under § 65.04, Fla.Stat., F.S.A. tie contends it was necessary for the appellee, in changing her cause of action, to re-serve the appellant with appropriate process which was not done; in fact, appellant asserts, and the record substantiates, he was never *541notified of the motion which changed her cause of action to one for divorce.
The appellee takes the position that service of the original complaint conferred jurisdiction on the court below to enter a final decree of divorce since an action filed pursuant to § 65.09, supra, is identical, with respect to allegation and proof, to one filed under § 65.04, supra. Neither party to this appeal has been able to cite any authority on the direct point involved, nor has our research revealed any. The appellee does, however, cite several cases tending to support her position, principally, Ex parte Stroud, 248 Ala. 480, 28 So.2d 316, wherein the Supreme Court of Alabama in a similar situation, reasoned:
“The bill does not seek a divorce specifically, but only for maintenance and custody of the children. See Ex parte Hale, 246 Ala. 40, 18 So.2d 713. But its allegations are sufficient to support a decree for divorce, and a general prayer is made in the bill. So that it would support a decree of divorce if granted by the court.”
However, for the reasons we now set forth, it is unnecessary for us to specifically decide this question of jurisdiction. As previously discussed, the appellant was not notified of the motion whereby appellee’s cause of action was changed from one for separate maintenance to one for divorce. We are of the view that this motion was in effect an -amendment of the appellee’s original complaint by virtue of the averment in the complaint that “ * * * plaintiff in these proceedings does not seek a decree of absolute divorce, unless prayed for prior to the entry of the final decree herein, but seeks alimony and support money unconnected with divorce. * * * ” Obviously, the relief granted by the final decree was substantially different from that initially prayed for. Although the chancellor might have retained jurisdiction to grant the divorce upon proper application, it was incumbent upon the appellee to notify the appellant that she had amended her cause of action. See Rule 1.4(a) Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, 30 F.S.A. Even the most minimal standards of due process would require that notice be given to a party who had suffered a default or decree pro con-fesso where the complaint has been amended in a matter of substance after the entry of such default. See 49 C.J.S. Judgments § 338, p. 688. Accordingly, we hold that the provision of the final decree granting the appellee a divorce must be reversed.
The conclusion reached above, however, does not require the reversal of all of the decree, as contended by the appellant. The appellant was put on notice by the service of the original complaint that he was being sued for separate maintenance. He chose not to plead or otherwise enter an appearance until after the entry of the final decree. The chancellor was authorized, pursuant to Rule 3.9, Florida Rules of Civil Procedure, 31 F.S.A., to proceed ex parte after the entry of the decree pro confesso. At that point, the appellant was not entitled to notice of further proceedings in the cause so long as those proceedings were commensurate with the relief prayed for in the complaint served upon him.
Turning now to the appellant’s second point, he contends that it was error for the chancellor to order his interest in their jointly held property (a homestead residence) to be transferred to the appellee in satisfaction of certain expenditures for necessities made by the appellee during the pendency of this action (some $8,610). It should be observed that there was no pen-dente lite award of alimony or child support to warrant the adjudication of a money decree against the appellant, nor was there any basis for impressing it as a lien upon the appellant’s interest in the real property. While we are in sympathy with the efforts of the chancellor in attempting to assure the appellee payment of the sum found to be due for necessities which the appellant would be legally obligated to pay, the procedure utilized was clearly erroneous.
*542Viewing the instant action as one •solely for separate maintenance under § 65.09, supra, it would be error for the chancellor to adjudicate property rights of the ■parties since they would remain husband .and wife after the entry of the final decree. See Mosley v. Mosley, Fla.App.1963, 153 So.2d 328; Naurison v. Naurison, Fla.App. 1959, 108 So.2d 510; Bredin v. Bredin, Fla.1956, 89 So.2d 353, 61 A.L.R.2d 942. But see Smith v. Smith, Fla.1964, 160 So.2d 697 and Randall v. Randall, 158 Fla. 502, 29 So.2d 238.
Treating this action as one for divorce, pursuant to § 65.04, supra, it would likewise be error for the chancellor to •transfer or partition the jointly owned property of the parties. With several exceptions not applicable here,2 it is well established that in the absence of an agreement between the parties or appropriate 3 pleadings praying for partition of jointly owned property aipon the entry of a decree of divorce, a ■chancellor is without authority to dispose ■of jointly owned property. See Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, Fla.App.1963, 156 So.2d 206, and •cases cited therein at page 207. This doctrine is based on the rationale that once the ■marriage is dissolved and the proportionate share of each in the estate has been fixed, the parties become tenants in common of such property formerly held as an estate “by the entireties.4 Thereafter it is up to them to decide whether the property should be partitioned or disposed of in some other manner. Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, supra. Accordingly, this portion of the decree must he reversed.
Appellant’s final point challenges the -awards of alimony, child support and attorney’s fees. He contends the chancellor abused his discretion in failing to consider his ability to pay the amounts awarded. We have carefully reviewed the record in the light of this contention and conclude that an abuse of discretion has not been demonstrated.
For the foregoing reasons, that portion of the decree (1) granting the appellee a divorce and (2) awarding the appellant’s interest in the homestead property to the appellee is reversed. The remainder of the decree is affirmed and the cause is remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent herewith.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded.
ON REHEARING
The appellant, by petition for rehearing, contended that the award of $750 attorneys’ fees not only was a gross abuse of discretion but was not supported by any testimony or evidence. We granted rehearing on that portion of the petition and heard oral argument.
We are now of the view that since no testimony or evidence appears in the record before us to support the award of attorneys’ fees, the same should be and is hereby reversed. Although we are not in a position to determine the reasonableness of the award made, nevertheless we observe that this was a case which proceeded ex parte after the entry of a default against the appellant and no novel questions or unusual circumstances arose.
*543That portion of the decree awarding attorneys’ fees is reversed, and the cause is remanded for the assessment of an appropriate award. Except as hereinabove noted, the opinion heretofore rendered by this court on March 10, 1964, is adhered to.
PER CURIAM.
The appellant, by petition for rehearing, contended that the award of $750 attorneys’ fees not only was a gross abuse of discretion but was not supported by any testimony or evidence. We granted rehearing on that portion of the petition and heard oral argument.
We are now of the view that since no testimony or evidence appears in the record before us to support the award of attorneys’ fees, the same should be and is hereby reversed. Although we are not in a position to determine the reasonableness of the award made, nevertheless we observe that this was a case which proceeded ex parte after the entry of a default against the appellant and no novel questions or unusual circumstances arose. That portion of the decree awarding attorneys’ fees is reversed, and the cause is remanded for the assessment of an appropriate award. Except as hereinabove noted, the opinion heretofore rendered by this court on March 10, 1964, is adhered to.
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Dov Gelkop v. Gelkop, 384 So. 2d 195 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)…er as a “nullity.” As in the Beil case, however, we should hold that it is a “nullity” for some, but not for all purposes. . See Belsky v. Belsky, 324 So. 2d 111 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975), cert. denied, 336 So. 2d 1180 (Fla.1976). . Kitchens v. Kitchens, 162 So. 2d 539 (Fla. 3d DCA 1964); see Pearson v. Pearson, 213 So. 2d 304 (Fla. 3d DCA 1968).…
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Massey v. Massey, 205 So. 2d 1 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967)…h instance the essential statutory procedure for partition of real estate shall be followed. Banfi v. Banfi, supra; Helsel v. Helsel, Fla.App.1962, 138 So. 2d 99; Tomkins v. Tomkins, Fla.App. 1962, 145 So. 2d 769; Kitchens v. Kitchens, Fla.App.1964, 162 So. 2d 539; Lubarr v. Lubarr, Fla.App.1967, 199 So. 2d 123. Nor does this case present the basis for an exception to that rule, in that no necessity was shown to require or justify sale of the property to raise funds for the payment of the prior bills of the p…
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State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co. v. Horkheimer, 814 So. 2d 1069 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)…ading, regardless of her reb-anee or lack of reliance on the default at trial. That appellant was entitled to notice of a change in the pleadings or the issues to be litigated at trial is an issue of elementary due process. In Kitchens v. Kitchens, 162 So. 2d 539 (Fla. 3d DCA 1964), the wife filed a complaint for separate maintenance. Her husband failed to answer the complaint and was defaulted. After the default, the wife amended the complaint to seek a divorce but failed to give the husband notice. She sec…1 / 2
Previewing 3 of 12 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Banfi v. Enrico Luigi Banfi, 123 So. 2d 52 (Fla. 3d DCA 1960)
- Bredin v. Bredin, 89 So. 2d 353 (Fla. 1956)
- Randall v. Randall, 158 Fla. 502 (Fla. 1947)
- Naurison v. Naurison, 108 So. 2d 510 (Fla. 3d DCA 1959)
- Gonzalez v. Gonzalez, 156 So. 2d 206 (Fla. 3d DCA 1963)
- Smith v. Smith, 160 So. 2d 697 (Fla. 1964)
- John v. Kilian, 97 So. 2d 201 (Fla. 3d DCA 1957)
- State v. Lockett, 97 So. 2d 201 (Fla. 2d DCA 1957)
- Mosley v. Mosley, 153 So. 2d 328 (Fla. 1st DCA 1963)