ALTERMAN TRANSPORT LINES, INC., A CORPORATION, AND FERRIN HUGH GRIMES, APPELLANTS,
v.
MILDRED MCCAHON, ALEXANDER MCCAHON, JR., A MINOR, FLORENCE MCCAHON, A MINOR, AND ALEXANDER MCCAHON, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS HUSBAND OF MILDRED MCCAHON AND AS FATHER AND NEXT FRIENDS OF THE MINORS, ALEXANDER MCCAHON, JR., AND FLORENCE MCCAHON, APPELLEES

Fla. 3d DCA | 1964-11-10
No. 64-216
Before BARKDULL, C. J., and CARROLL and TILLMAN PEARSON, JJ.
168 So. 2d 707 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1964) Positive Treatment
Cited by 4 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

In this personal injury action arising from a two-vehicle collision, the Florida District Court of Appeal reversed a directed verdict of liability, holding that the evidence presented conflicting accounts of how the accident occurred and thus required jury resolution. The case establishes that a directed verdict on liability is improper when evidence is susceptible to two or more inconsistent views.


Holding

The court held that the trial judge erred in directing a verdict of liability because the evidence was susceptible to two inconsistent views—either the tractor driver negligently attempted to pass vehicles, or the accident resulted from an emergency situation created by a third vehicle. The jury should have resolved the liability question. The court also found the admission of the police officer's testimony to be harmless error due to lack of timely objection, but indicated standards for future trials.


Key Quotes

“In reaching a conclusion on whether a matter should be submitted to a jury to resolve the issues, it is incumbent upon a trial judge to determine whether the evidence before him is susceptible to two or more inconsistent views, and, if not, to direct a verdict in favor of one or the other of the parties.”

Establishes the standard for when a directed verdict is proper—evidence must not be susceptible to multiple views.

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Facts & Procedural History

A southbound automobile carrying the plaintiffs collided with a northbound tractor driven by defendant Ferrin Hugh Grimes on Highway 301. The plaintif…

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Opinion of the Court
BARKDULL, Chief Judge.

BARKDULL, Chief Judge.

The appellants, defendants in the trial court, appeal an adverse final judgment in a personal injury action and have preserved two points for review by this court: (1) The propriety of the direction of a verdict of liability; (2) The permitting into evidence of testimony of an investigating police officer as to the point of impact between the two vehicles.

As to the first point, we find that the trial judge erred in directing a verdict of liability at the conclusion of all the evidence and submitting the matter to the jury solely for the determination of damage. In reaching a conclusion on whether a matter should be submitted to a jury to resolve the issues, it is incumbent upon a trial judge to determine [at this moment in the trial proceedings] whether the evidence before him is susceptible to two or more inconsistent views, [see: Williams v. Sauls, 151 Fla. 270, 9 So.2d 369; Cadore v. Karp, Fla. 1957, 91 So.2d 806] and, if not, to direct a verdict in favor of one or the other of the parties. See: Okeechobee Company for Use and Benefit of Hamrick v. Norton, 149 Fla. 651, 6 So.2d 632; McAllister v. Miami Daily News, 154 Fla. 370, 17 So.2d 613. Of course, in determining a motion for a directed verdict, all inferences are resolved in favor of the party moved against. See: Massaline v. Rich, Fla.App.1962, 137 So.2d 10; Guhman v. Florida Power & Light Company, Fla.App.1962, 139 So.2d 749.

The accident in the instant case involved a southbound automobile in which the plaintiffs were riding, and a northbound tractor driven by the individual defendant. There was evidence to support the plaintiffs’ view that in attempting to pass vehicles ahead, the northbound tractor deliberately pulled into the southbound lane and struck the vehicle in which the plaintiffs were riding. There was also evidence adduced to support the defendant-driver’s contention that because of the entry into the *709highway of a third vehicle unexpectedly into the path of the tractor, the driver was placed in a sudden emergency position and, in attempting to extricate himself from such a situation caused by the third vehicle, the accident occurred. If the jury should determine that the collision occurred because of an emergency situation created by a stranger, a verdict for the defendant would be in accordance with the applicable principles of law. See: Klepper v. Breslin, Fla.1955, 83 So.2d 587; Dupree v. Pitts, Fla.App.1964, 159 So.2d 904; 23 Fla.Jur., Negligence, § 81. Therefore, the evidence before the trial judge at the time of the consideration of the motion for directed verdict was susceptible to two views and, therefore, the issue of liability should have been submitted to the jury.

If the evidence was only as contended by the plaintiffs, they would be entitled to a directed verdict. See: New England Mutual Life Insurance Co. v. Huckins, 127 Fla. 540, 173 So. 696; Garris v. Robeison, Fla.App.1962, 146 So.2d 388. However, there was a direct conflict in the testimony between the driver of the plaintiff’s automobile 1 and the defendant truck driver.2

As to the second point [on the propriety of permitting the investigating officer to recreate the scene of the accident] it appears that no timely objections to the investigating officer were made at the appropriate time in the trial proceedings and, if this was the only error urged in the record, it would be no more than harmless. However, because the matter will be retried, we indicate to the trial court that the propriety of the testimony of an investigating officer should be controlled by the principles enunciated in Ippolito v. Brener, Fla.1956, 89 So.2d 650; Mills v. Redwing Carriers, Inc., Fla.App.1961, 127 So.2d 453.

Therefore, for the reasons stated above, the final judgment here under review is reversed, and the matter remanded for a new trial.

Reversed and remanded, with directions.

*710TILLMAN PEARSON, Judge

(dissenting).

I must respectfully dissent from the decision reached by the majority, and join the trial judge in his conclusion that the evidence before him was susceptible only to the view that the negligence of the defendant caused the accident. The testimony of the defendant driver (see footnote 2) is to the effect that he lost control of his tractor because it had no trailer and that when he attempted to slow down it bounced onto and against plaintiff’s car.

It has been repeatedly held that the driver of an automobile is charged with a responsibility of having his vehicle under control at all times and to maintain a sharp and attentive lookout in order to keep himself prepared to meet the exigencies of an emergency. Central Truck Lines, Inc. v. Rogers, Fla.App.1962, 140 So.2d 130. I find no reason to apply a different rule to a truck tractor which bounces because it is “bobtailed” and “light”.

I would affirm.

Dissent
TILLMAN PEARSON, Judge

TILLMAN PEARSON, Judge

(dissenting).

I must respectfully dissent from the decision reached by the majority, and join the trial judge in his conclusion that the evidence before him was susceptible only to the view that the negligence of the defendant caused the accident. The testimony of the defendant driver (see footnote 2) is to the effect that he lost control of his tractor because it had no trailer and that when he attempted to slow down it bounced onto and against plaintiff’s car. It has been repeatedly held that the driver of an automobile is charged with a responsibility of having his vehicle under control at all times and to maintain a sharp and attentive lookout in order to keep himself prepared to meet the exigencies of an emergency. Central Truck Lines, Inc. v. Rogers, Fla.App.1962, 140 So. 2d 130. I find no reason to apply a different rule to a truck tractor which bounces because it is “bobtailed” and “light”.

I would affirm.


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Cited By

  • Invs. TAX Sheltered Real Est., Ltd. v. Laventhol, 370 So. 2d 815 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
    …74 So. 2d 59 (Fla.3d DCA1965). Hence, the trial court must place its own valuation on the evidence to determine the question of its minimum sufficiency. Traurig v. Spear, 102 So. 2d 165 (Fla.3d DCA1958) and Alterman Transport Lines, Inc. v. McCahon, 168 So. 2d 707 (Fla.3d DCA1964). On reviewing such a judgment, the court is required to observe the settled rule that we should consider the testimony in the light most favorable to the plaintiff, disregarding conflicts in the evidence and indulging in the plaint…
  • Lloyd v. McKENNA, 179 So. 2d 583 (Fla. 3d DCA 1965)
    …a is entitled to all reasonable inferences from the evidence. See: Massaline v. Rich, Fla.App.1962, 137 So. 2d 10; Guhman v. Florida Power & Light Company, Fla.App.1962, 139 So. 2d [*584] 749; Alterman Transport Lines, Inc. v. McCahon, Fla.App.1964, 168 So. 2d 707. The reasonable inference from the evidence is that the cab was on the wrong side of the street; that it was proceeding twice as fast as McKenna and that the cab driver clearly saw McKenna. The evidence is also susceptible to the view that McKenna w…
  • Darr v. Aglin, 279 So. 2d 62 (Fla. 1st DCA 1973)
    …ted to the instant accident. . Baker v. Stolley, 155 So. 2d 809 (1 Fla.App.1963). . Pensacola Transit Co. v. Denton, 119 So. 2d 296 (1 Fla.App.1960) ; Stark v. Vasquez, 168 So. 2d 140 (Fla.1964) ; Al- [*64] terman Transport Lines, Inc. v. McCahon, 168 So. 2d 707 (3 Fla.App.1964) ; Holden v. Dye, 224 So. 2d 350 (1 Fla.App.1969) ; Ben’s Seltzer, Inc. v. Markey, 254 So. 2d 377 (3 Fla.App.1971) ; and Knabb v. Tompkins, 254 So. 2d 858 (1 Fla.App.1971). . Frazier v. Ross, 225 So. 2d 451 (1 Fla.App.1969). . F.S.…

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