MINNIE
v.
PORT HURON TERMINAL CO. ET AL.

U.S. | 1935-06-03
No. 678
295 U.S. 647 Supreme Court of the United States (1935) Caution
Also reported at: 79 L. Ed. 1631 · 55 S. Ct. 884 · 1935 U.S. LEXIS 1098 · SCDB 1934-058
Cited by 111 cases

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Synopsis

A longshoreman injured when struck by a swinging crane hoist on a vessel in navigable water and thrown onto a wharf sought workers' compensation under Michigan state law, but his employer argued federal maritime law applied. The Supreme Court held that because the blow causing the injury occurred on the vessel in navigable waters while the employee was engaged in maritime service, the injury was governed by federal maritime law rather than state workers' compensation statutes, regardless that the employee ultimately fell onto land.

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Opinion of the Court
Mr. Chief Justice Hughes

Mr. Chief Justice Hughes delivered the opinion of the Court.

Petitioner, a longshoreman, was injured at Port Huron while unloading a vessel lying in navigable water. He was about his work on the deck of the vessel when he was struck by a swinging hoist, lifting cargo from a hatch, and was precipitated upon the wharf. He sought compensation under the compensation act of the State of Michigan. His employer, the Port Huron Terminal Company, contended that the accident occurred upon navigable water and. that the state law did not apply. The defense was overruled by the state commission in the view that the injury must have been occasioned by petitioner’s fall upon the wharf and hence that the claim was within the state statute, although the injury would not have been received except for the force applied to his person while on the vessel. The Supreme Court of the State vacated the commission’s award, holding that the federal law controlled. 269 Mich. 295; 257 N. W. 831. Because of an asserted conflict with decisions of this Court, a writ of certiorari was granted.

We have held that the case of an employee injured upon navigable waters while engaged in a maritime service is governed by the maritime law. Southern Pacific Co. v. Jensen, 244 U. S. 205; Grant Smith-Porter Ship Co. v. Rohde, 257 U. S. 469, 477. It is otherwise if the injury takes place on land. State Industrial Comm’n v. Nordenholt Corp., 259 U. S. 263, 272, 273; Nogueira v. N. Y., N. H. & H. R. Co., 281 U. S. 128, 133. In the instant case, the injury was due to the blow which petitioner received from the swinging crane. It was that blow received on the vessel in navigable water which gave rise to the cause of action, and the maritime character of that cause of action is not altered by the fact that the petitioner was thrown from the vessel to the land.

We had the converse case before us in Smith & Son v. Taylor, 276 U. S. 179. There a longshoreman, employed in the unloading of ,a vessel at a dock, was standing upon a stage that rested solely upon' the wharf and projected a few feet over the water to or near the vessel. He was struck by a sling loaded with cargo, which was being lowered over the vessel’s side and was knocked into the water, where sometime later he was found dead. It was urged that the suit was solely for the death which occurred in the water and hence that the case was exclusively within the admiralty jurisdiction. We held the argument to be untenable. We said: “The blow by the sling was what gave rise to the cause of action. It was given and took effect while deceased was upon the land. It was the sole, immediate and proximate cause of his death. The G. R. Booth, 171 U. S. 450, 460. The substance and consummation of the occurrence which gave rise to the cause of action took place on land.” Id., p. 182.

If, when the blow from a swinging crane knocks a longshoreman from the dock into the water, the cause of action arises on the land, it must follow, upon the same reasoning, that when he is struck upon the vessel and the blow throws him upon the dock the cause of action arises on the vessel. Compare Vancouver S. S. Co. v. Rice, 288 U. S. 445, 448.

The decision in L’Hote v. Crowell, 286 U. S. 528, upon which petitioner relies, is not opposed. In that case, we dealt only with the determination of the question of the dependency of a claimant for compensation, holding that the finding of fact by the deputy commissioner against the claimant upon that issue should hot have been disturbed. The writ of certiorari was limited to that question. 54 F. (2d) 212; 285 U. S. 533. The judgment is

Affirmed.

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Cited By (30 total)

  • Nannie Merle Hunt (Claimant) v. Basil E. Kenney Lumber Co. (Employer) & Consol. Underwriters, 141 Fla. 842 (Fla. 1940)
    …tion of jurisdiction is the only one necessary to decide here and that appears to be concluded by the following decisions: Northern Coal and Dock Company v. Strand, 278 U. S. 142, 49 Sup. Ct. 88, 73 L. Ed. 232; Minnie v. Port Huron Terminal Company, 295 U. S. 647, 55 Sup. Ct. 884, 79 L. Ed. 1631; Spencer Kellog & Sons v. Hicks, 285 U. S. 502, 52 Sup. Ct. 450, 76 L. Ed. 903; Employers Liability Assurance [*844] Corporation, Ltd., v. Cook, 281 U. S. 233, 50 Sup. Ct. 308, 74 L. Ed. 823. Other cases might be ad…
    1 / 2
  • City OF Plantation & Midland Ins. Co. v. Roberts, 342 So. 2d 69 (Fla. 1976)
    …he injury-inflicting coconuts were thrown from the shore. The law is well settled that where a person on board a vessel is injured by a land-based instrumentality the point of impact determines the place of injury. Minnie v. Port Huron Terminal Co., 295 U.S. 647, 55 S.Ct. 884, 79 L.Ed. 1631 (1935). . The 1974 Legislature has now barred coverage under the act for employees covered by the Federal Employers’ Liability Act, the Longshoremen’s and Harbor Workers’ Compensation Act, or the Jones Act, effective Oc…
  • Executive Jet Aviation, Inc. v. City OF Cleveland, 409 U.S. 249 (U.S. 1972)
    …ctual setting, however, where a longshoreman working on the deck of a vessel was struck by a hoist and knocked onto the pier, the Court upheld admiralty jurisdiction because the cause of action arose on the vessel. Minnie v. Port Huron Terminal Co., 295 U. S. 647 (1935). See also The Admiral Peoples, 295 U. S. 649 (1935). Other serious difficulties with the locality test are illustrated by cases where the maritime locality of the tort is clear, but where the invocation of admiralty jurisdiction seems almost…

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