EVERETT CUNNINGHAM, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Everett Cunningham appeals his first-degree murder conviction for killing John David Benson in a tavern. The court affirmed the conviction, rejecting arguments that cross-examination about prior convictions was prejudicial and that the trial court erred in refusing a self-defense instruction based on honest but unreasonable fear.
1) The cross-examination questioning was technically erroneous but harmless error given the overwhelming evidence of a cold-blooded murder and the jury's recommendation of mercy; 2) The trial court correctly refused the self-defense instruction because Cunningham failed to object and the uncontradicted evidence did not warrant such an instruction.
[1] A prosecutor's cross-examination of a defendant regarding prior convictions is improper when the State proves only one of several alleged convictions, even if the defenda…
[2] An erroneous cross-examination of a defendant regarding prior convictions may be considered harmless error when the evidence of guilt is overwhelming and the jury recomme…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“On January 31, 1969, about 11:30 p. m., Everett Cunningham (age 66, with poor eyesight) entered the Red Rooster Tavern at Century, Florida, with his 16-gauge shotgun. The Tavern was full of people. John David Benson, sitting at the bar with his back to Cunningham, turned around when Cunningham spoke to him, and Cunningham shot him in the region of the heart. Benson fell to the floor. Cunningham walked up to Benson, took the expended shell from the gun, put another shell in, and shot Benson again in the face.”
Establishes the factual sequence of the cold-blooded murder at issue
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceOn January 31, 1969, 66-year-old Cunningham entered the Red Rooster Tavern with a 16-gauge shotgun and shot John David Benson twice—first in the chest…
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Appellant-defendant Everett Cunningham appeals a verdict and judgment of conviction of murder in the first degree with recommendation of mercy, and poses the following two points:
1. Whether it was prejudicial error for the appellant on cross-examination to be asked if he had been convicted of assault or aggravated assault on several specified dates whereas the State proved conviction on only one of the dates mentioned, but in fact appellant had been convicted on another of the named dates, which conviction had been vacated and set aside.
2. Whether or not the court committed error by its refusal to give the appellant’s requested instruction.
The essential facts are: On January 31, 1969, about 11:30 p. m., Everett Cunningham (age 66, with poor eyesight) entered the Red Rooster Tavern at Century, Florida, with his 16-gauge shotgun. The Tavern was full of people. John David Benson, sitting at the bar with his back to Cunningham, turned around when Cunningham spoke to him, and Cunningham shot him in the region of the heart. Benson fell to the floor. Cunningham walked up to Benson, took the expended shell from the gun, put another shell in, and shot Benson again in the face. Cunningham then walked from the Tavern to his home about a block away, got more shells, and was apprehended shortly thereafter. None of the many witnesses saw a gun on Benson at the time and none was found on the body. However, Lett, owner of the Tavern and a *22close friend of Cunningham, testified that either Benson or Joe Morgan had a little .25 automatic sometime earlier that day.
Defendant Cunningham testified that Benson and a girl had robbed him six or seven months previously, and again at some unknown previous time. He had seen Benson earlier in the evening of January 31, 1969, was afraid of him, and decided to hock his shotgun with Lett, owner of the Tavern, to get money to buy a pistol for protection. He took the shotgun in the Tavern for that purpose. On cross-examination Cunningham denied that he had ever been convicted of aggravated assault on specific dates in 1961, 1962, 1966 and 1968. The State proved by testimony of a deputy sheriff and the clerk and a certified copy of the judgment that this same Cunningham had been convicted of aggravated assault on March 29, 1968. The State did not attempt to prove the three other convictions. .Among the exhibits used by Cunningham in connection with his motion for new trial are the 1961 information charging him with two counts of assault, and an order (entered nine days before the trial in the instant case) setting aside the 1961 conviction.
As to appellant’s first point, we agree that it was error for the State to proceed as it did in interrogating appellant as to the crimes other than the conviction on March 29, 1968. However, in view of the overwhelming testimony as to his commission of the cold-blooded murder of John David Benson and the jury’s recommendation of mercy, it is our conclusion that this error .on the part of the State was of a technical nature and falls within the harmless error doctrine.
Appellant’s second point goes to the trial court’s refusal to give the following requested instruction:
“If you find that the defendant honestly believed that his life was in danger, but if you also find that a reasonably prudent and cautious person in the same situation would not have entertained the same belief from the same appearances, the defendant would be guilty of manslaughter.”
The trial court was correct in refusing to give the requested instruction for the following reasons: 1. Appellant failed to object to the court’s refusal to give the instruction, and 2. The uncontradicted evidence adduced during the trial did not warrant such an instruction.
The judgment appealed is affirmed.
CARROLL, DONALD K., Acting C. J., and WIGGINTON, L, concur.
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Houston v. State, 337 So. 2d 852 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976)…trial was before a judge without a jury, it is apparent that the foregoing error did not injuriously affect the substantial rights of appellant and was harmless error. [*854] See § 59.041 and 924.33, Florida Statutes (1975), and Cunningham v. State, 239 So. 2d 21 (Fla. 1 DCA 1970). We have also considered appellant’s remaining point and find it to be without merit. See Castle v. State, 330 So. 2d 10 (Fla.1976). AFFIRMED. RAWLS, Acting C. J., and SMITH, J., concur.…
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Parker Charles Peak, Jr. v. State, 363 So. 2d 1166 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978)…itted on cross-examination at trial that he did in fact have a prior criminal record, we regard the inadvertent reference to the defendant’s prior conviction as harmless. See Houston v. State, 337 So. 2d 852 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976); Cunningham v. State, 239 So. 2d 21 (Fla. 1st DCA 1970). The defendant also complains that a police photograph of the defendant was improperly admitted in evidence. We cannot agree. United States v. Davis, 487 F. 2d 112 (5th Cir. 1973). The defendant finally contends that the trial c…
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Goodman v. State, 418 So. 2d 308 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982)…e of those offenses. Whitehead v. State, 279 So. 2d 99 (Fla.1973); Sneed v. State, 397 So. 2d 931 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981). We find however that the error was harmless because of the overwhelming evidence of guilt in this case.4 See Cunningham v. State, 239 So. 2d 21 (Fla. 1st DCA 1970); Robinson v. State, 254 So. 2d 379 (Fla. 3d DCA 1971). [*311] The judgment and convictions are affirmed. MILLS, WENTWORTH and THOMPSON, JJ., concur. . Appellant also argues that the threat was inadmissible because Clevinger did…
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