WARREN O. WINDLE, AS EXECUTOR OF THE ESTATE OF JOHN P. LEY, ALSO KNOWN AS JACK P. LEY, DECEASED, APPELLANT,
v.
HERMANN SEBOLD AND HARRIET SEBOLD, HIS WIFE, APPELLEES
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In this appeal of a promissory note judgment, the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded, holding that the trial court erred by striking the affirmative defense of lack of consideration and by excluding a satisfaction of mortgage document that could establish payment. The court determined that the common law rule requiring subscribing witness testimony to prove document execution had been abolished in Florida.
The court held that lack of consideration is a valid defense to a promissory note action and cannot be struck merely because the defendant may lack evidence at trial. The court also held that the satisfaction of mortgage document should have been admitted because: (1) the common law rule requiring subscribing witness testimony for documents attested by a witness was abolished in Florida; (2) competent evidence of authentic signatures and the defendant's possession of the document established its validity; and (3) neither acknowledgment nor other formal execution requirements were necessary for the document's validity as evidence.
[1] Lack of consideration is a legally sufficient affirmative defense to a suit on a promissory note and should not be stricken from an answer simply because the defendant ma…
[2] A document acknowledging satisfaction of a mortgage, even if not executed with the formalities required for recording, is admissible into evidence if its authenticity is…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“A motion to strike an affirmative defense alleged in an answer tests the legal sufficiency of such defense. Lack of consideration being a valid defense to a suit on a promissory note, Blackshear Mfg. Co. v. Fralick, 1925, 88 Fla. 589, 102 So. 753, it was error to strike such defense.”
Establishes that lack of consideration is a legally sufficient defense to a promissory note action and cannot be struck before trial
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceWarren Windle, as executor of John P. Ley's estate, sued Hermann and Harriet Sebold on a promissory note secured by a mortgage. The Sebolds denied exe…
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In this suit on a promissory note against the personal representative of the deceased *166maker, the nonjury trial resulted in a final judgment for the plaintiffs for the amount of the principal and interest on the note, and a separate and subsequent judgment for plaintiffs awarding costs and attorneys’ fees. The personal representative’s separate appeals from these two judgments are consolidated.
At the pleading stage, the defendant’s answer denied that his decedent had executed the note, and also alleged certain affirmative defenses including (a) lack of consideration for the note, and (b) estoppel. At a subsequent date the answer was amended to add the further affirmative defense of payment. The plaintiff moved to strike the affirmative defenses of lack of consideration and estoppel. The order granting this motion to strike is assigned as error.
A motion to strike an affirmative defense alleged in an answer tests the legal sufficiency of such defense. Lack of consideration being a valid defense to a suit on a promissory note, Blackshear Mfg. Co. v. Fralick, 1925, 88 Fla. 589, 102 So. 753, it was error to strike such defense. It is apparent that the court did so because the defendant executor had testified in deposition that the only sources of information upon which he had based the defense of lack of consideration were oral statements made to the defendant by the decedent during the latter’s lifetime. It may be that at the trial the defendant will be unable to offer any competent evidence to sustain such affirmative defense (the burden of proof of which appears to be on the defendant notwithstanding the statutory language found in Section 68.06, F.S.1967, F.S.A. Biro v. Geiser, Fla.1967, 199 So.2d 461). But a defense which is legally sufficient is not subject to a motion to strike under Rule 1.140(f) RCP, 30 F.S.A., simply because at some time prior to trial it appears that the defendant may be unable to produce evidence at the trial to sustain such defense.
Although the note in question was secured by a mortgage on real property, plaintiffs had sued on the note only. The defendant, in support of his affirmative defense of payment, sought to offer into evidence a document entitled “Satisfaction of Mortgage” which acknowledged payment of the note as well as satisfaction of the mortgage lien, and which document ostensibly had been executed by the plaintiffs. The court refused to admit such document into evidence and this is assigned as error.
The satisfaction of mortgage document was dated and recorded in May, 1966 (nearly one year prior to the death of defendant’s decedent). There was one subscribing witness, Mary Ann Ehrhardt, daughter of Mrs. Sebold. The acknowledgment was taken before one Edward R. Hume, a notary public, under whose signature was a rubber stamped impression showing expiration of commission as May, 1964. To prove the authenticity of the plaintiffs’ signature on the satisfaction of mortgage, the defendant submitted an almost overwhelming amount of evidence. Three bank officers from banks where plaintiffs had checking accounts, and the defendant himself who had previously represented the plaintiffs professionally, all identified the signatures as genuine. The defendant then placed in evidence some forty exhibits of the plaintiffs’ signatures on other documents the genuineness of which were admitted by the plaintiffs. On the basis of these proven standards and pursuant to Section 92.38, F.S.1967, F.S.A., a Mr. Robert Lynch, whom the court permitted to testify as an expert examiner of questioned documents, testified that the signatures of the plaintiffs on the satisfaction of mortgage were genuine. None of this evidence was contradicted or impeached, and the court itself found as a fact that the plaintiffs’ signatures on the satisfaction of mortgage were genuine. Nonetheless, the court refused to admit the document into evidence because there had been no showing of execution with the formalities required by law or of a delivery to the defendant’s decedent.
The document should have been admitted into evidence. In order to entitle *167the written satisfaction of mortgage to be recorded it would have to be duly acknowledged in the manner provided for the acknowledgment of deeds. Sections 28.22, 701.04 and 695.03, F.S.1967, F.S.A. But as to the document’s validity vel non, neither an acknowledgment, nor subscribing witnesses nor any other formality of execution is required. Since there was competent evidence that the plaintiffs’ signatures on the satisfaction of mortgage were authentic, and the defendant’s possession of the document was prima facie evidence of its delivery, in the absence of any proof to the contrary the validity of the document was established and should have been considered as evidence relative to the affirmative defense of payment.
Appellees contend that there is still in effect in this state the common law principle that when a written instrument attested by a subscribing witness is offered as evidence, its execution must be proved by such subscribing witness if he is available as a witness and is competent to testify.1 Since the subscribing witness, Mary Ann Ehr-hardt, was present in the courtroom during the trial, the appellees conclude that the only proper means to prove the execution of the document was through her testimony and since appellant failed to utilize this witness, the court was correct in refusing to admit the document into evidence.
It is our view that this common law rule was long ago abolished as part of the adjective law of this state. Rule 61, Common Law Court Rules,2 was adopted by the Supreme Court of Florida on April 27, 1936, and became effective October 1 of that year. Although subsequent revisions of the rules did not incorporate a similar provision, we do not consider such omission as reviving the common law principle. Other aspects of the common law principle have been abrogated by statute (now Section 92.38, F.S.1969, F.S.A.), the effect of such statute upon the common law principles having been heretofore ably discussed in other cases.3
In reversing the judgment awarding plaintiffs the principal and interest on the note, we necessarily must set aside the separate judgment awarding plaintiffs their costs and attorneys’ fees. The judgments are severally reversed and this cause remanded for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded.
WALDEN and McCAIN, JJ., concur.
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Vilda Yates v. Bass Ranch, Inc., 379 So. 2d 710 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980)…thenticity must be preliminarily proven by direct or circumstantial evidence. De-Long v. Williams, 232 So. 2d 246 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970). Under current Florida law execution of a private writing may be proved by any competent evidence. Windle v. Sebol, 241 So. 2d 165 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970). A seeming exception to the usual requirements for authentication exists where the writing has been in existence for many years and is unsuspicious in appearance and has been produced from a place of custody natural for such a do…
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BAY Colony Off. Bldg. Joint Venture v. Wachovia Mortg. Co., 342 So. 2d 1005 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977)…se a motion by a party is required. Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.140(b). Neither may an affirmative defense be stricken merely because it appears to a judge that the defendant may be unable to produce evidence at trial to sustain such a defense. Windle v. Sebold, 241 So. 2d 165 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970). In the present case, there obviously being no scandalous or impertinent matter, the only possible justification for the trial court’s striking the three affirmative defenses at issue here would be that those defenses were redund…
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Cuyahoga Wrecking Corp. & Gray Line Sightseeing Tours, Inc. v. Mastres, 368 So. 2d 380 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)…rial court to strike a defense where evidence may be presented to support it. See, e. g., Citizens and Southern Realty Investors v. Lastition, 332 So. 2d 357 (Fla.4th DCA 1976); Stewart v. Gore, 314 So. 2d 10 (Fla.2d DCA 1975); and Windle v. Sebold, 241 So. 2d 165 (Fla.4th DCA 1970). . . ” Id. at 787. In our opinion, in the instant case, the amended complaint and Cuyahoga’s an [*383] swer raise the possibility that Cuyahoga was a general contractor on the demolition job and sublet a part of its contract work…
Previewing 3 of 8 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- The Blackshear Mfg. Co. v. Fralick, 88 Fla. 589 (Fla. 1925)
- Emory F. Skinner v. Pinney, 19 Fla. 42 (Fla. 1882)
- Cauley v. Strickland, 114 So. 2d 197 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959)
- Mrs. W. B. Thompson v. Freeman, 111 Fla. 433 (Fla. 1933)
- Birdsall Constr. Co. & Commercial Union Ins. Co. of N.Y. v. Good Samaritan Hosp. & Fla. Indus. Comm'n, 199 So. 2d 461 (Fla. 1967)
- Chem. Corn Exch. Bank & Tr. Co. v. Frankel, 111 So. 2d 99 (Fla. 3d DCA 1959)
- Williams v. Keyser, 11 Fla. 234 (Fla. 1867)