GEORGE DALEO AND JOHN DUBOIS, APPELLANTS,
v.
BERT & BETTE BAYFRONT 66 MARINE ET AL., APPELLEES

Fla. 3d DCA | 1972-12-12
No. 72-129
Before PEARSON, CHARLES CARROLL and HENDRY, JJ.
273 So. 2d 113 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1972) Negative Treatment
Cited by 35 cases

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Synopsis

Appellants sought recovery for personal injuries from a boat engine explosion under their marina operator's liability insurance policy. The trial court granted summary judgment for the insurer based on a policy exclusion for bodily injuries arising from watercraft operation away from the marina premises. The appellate court reversed, holding that the term "operation" was ambiguous and must be construed in favor of the insured.


Holding

The court reversed the summary judgment, holding that the term "operation" in the insurance policy's exclusionary clause was ambiguous as applied to the facts, and that such ambiguities must be resolved in favor of the insured and against the insurer as a matter of law.


Headnotes

[1] Ambiguous terms in an insurance policy are construed liberally in favor of the insured and strictly against the insurer.

[2] An insurance policy exclusion must be stated in unambiguous language to deny coverage.

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Key Quotes

“All ambiguities and uncertainties are to be resolved in favor of the insured and against the company.”

Establishes the fundamental rule of insurance policy interpretation in Florida that ambiguities must favor the insured

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Facts & Procedural History

Plaintiffs, owners of the boat "Eileen Donan," enlisted the marina mechanic Whaley to help reinstall a rebuilt engine at a location away from the mari…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellants, plaintiffs before the trial court, seek review of a final summary judgment entered in favor of the appellee-defendant, Travelers Indemnity Company, as insurer of Bert and Bette Bayfront 66 Marina, Inc., defendant, in an action for personal injuries arising out of a boat explosion.

The facts, simply stated, show that the plaintiffs, as owners of the boat “Eileen Donan”, were attempting to re-install a rebuilt engine of the boat and enlisted the aid of a mechanic of the marina (Mr. Whaley) in so doing. The re-installation took place away from the premises of the marina but was at the direction of its owner. Whaley completed the job of connecting the electrical system and test started the engine several times by avoiding the starter and rubbing a battery cable over the battery in order to create a spark. After a few successful attempts, Whaley directed that gasoline be put in the engine and the process repeated. A shower of sparks and an explosion resulted from the attempt and the appellants and Whaley received personal injuries as a result. Appellants filed separate actions below against the marina and its owner based on the negligence of its employee Whaley. Appellee insurance company was joined as defendant in its capacity of insurer of the marina. The two cases were consolidated and, upon motion of the insurer, a final summary judgment was entered in its behalf, reciting:

(R. 342) “THIS CAUSE came on to be heard on the Motion of the Defendant, THE TRAVELERS INDEMNITY COMPANY for P'inal Summary Judgment and the Court having heard argument of counsel and having considered the depositions, affidavits, exhibits and ail other matters herein, and it appearing to the Court that the Defendant, THE TRAVELERS INDEMNITY COMPANY’S Insurance Policy with the Defendant, BERT & BETTE BAYFRONT 66 MARINA, INC. is not applicable to the loss which is the subject of this cause by virtue of the exclusion for bodily injury arising out of the operation of a watercraft where the bodily injury occurs away from the premises, and the Court being otherwise fully advised in the premises, it is thereupon
“ORDERED AND ADJUDGED that the motion for Summary Judgment be and the same is hereby granted, and Final Summary Judgment is hereby entered in favor of THE TRAVELERS INDEMNITY COMPANY, and the said *115COMPANY shall go hence without day, with costs to be hereinafter taxed.”

The exclusionary provision of the insurance policy relied on by the trial court provided, in part:

“EXCLUSIONS
“This insurance does not apply, under the Garage Liability Coverages:
* * * * * *
“(e) to bodily injury or property damage arising out of the ownership, maintenance, operation, use, loading or unloading of any
* * ‡ * * *
“(3) watercraft, if the bodily injury or property damage occurs away from the premises', . . . ”

Appellants contend that the trial court’s interpretation of the word “operation” within the policy was incorrect, as a matter of law, and in finding that the incident aforementioned was excluded from coverage under the policy. We agree with appellants and, accordingly, reverse.

The parties before us have relied on numerous cases from other jurisdictions, since none appear in this state, interpreting the word “operation” in differing contexts and in varied factual circumstances.1 At the very least, we find that the meanings of the word “operation” in the instant case are undeniably unclear and ambiguous.

In such a circumstance, the courts of this state have been uniform in the action that must be taken. Our Supreme Court has noted in the case of Hodges v. National Union Indemnity Co., Fla.1971, 249 So.2d 679, 680, 681.

“All ambiguities and uncertainties are to be resolved in favor of the insured and against the company.”
* * * * * *
“The fine print of an insurance policy, as we said in Hartnett v. Southern Insurance Co., supra, [181 So.2d 524] should not be read to exclude coverage unless it plainly and with certainty ‘brings home’ in unambiguous language to the insured that he is not protected in a certain particular.”

See also: Harris v. Carolina Life Ins. Co., Fla.1970, 233 So.2d 833; Cf., DaCosta v. General Guaranty Ins. Co. of Florida, Fla.1969, 226 So.2d 104; Miller Electric Co. of Florida v. Employers’ Liability Assurance Corp., Fla.App.1965, 171 So.2d 40.

The rationale for this presumption against the insurer was discussed by the court in New Amsterdam Casualty Co. v. Addison, Fla.App.1964, 169 So.2d 877, 881, and the court said:

“[5, 6] Also, Florida law renders applicable to contracts of insurance the principle that, where a contract of insurance is prepared and phrased by the insurer, it is to be construed liberally in favor of the insured and strictly against the insurer, where the meaning of the language is doubtful, uncertain, or ambiguous. Firemans Fund Ins. Co. of San Francisco, Cal. v. Boyd, Fla.1950, 45 So.2d 499. The general rule is that, if there are terms in an insurance policy which are ambiguous, equivocal, or uncertain to the extent that the intention of the parties is not clear and cannot be clearly ascertained by the application of ordinary rules of construction, these terms are to be construed strictly and most strongly against the insurer and *116liberally in favor of the insured so as to effect the dominant purpose of payment to the insured. Beasley v. Wolf, Fla.App.1963, 151 So.2d 679. The accepted rationale back of this rule is that insurance policies are prepared by experts in this complex area, and the intricate interplay of their various provisions is difficult for a layman to understand. The Praetorians v. Fisher, Fla.1956, 89 So.2d 329. Where there are two interpretations which may fairly be given to language used in a policy, the one that allows the greater indemnity will govern. Howard v. American Service Mut. Ins. Co., Fla.App.1963, 151 So.2d 682. Statement of these principles may be found in 18 Fla.Jur., Insurance, sections 94 and 95, pages 86, 87, 88, and 89.”

Accord: Financial Fire & Casualty Co. v. Callaham, Fla.App.1967, 199 So.2d 529; Miller Electric Co. of Florida v. Employers’ Liability Assurance Corp., supra.

Perhaps Justice Drew of the Supreme Court of Florida put it most succinctly when he stated: 2

“[2] There is no reason why such policies cannot be phrased so that the average person can clearly understand what he is buying. And so long as these contracts are drawn in such a manner that it requires the proverbial Philadelphia lawyer to comprehend the terms embodied in it, the courts should and will construe them liberally in favor of the insured and strictly against the insurer to protect the buying public who rely upon the companies and agencies in such transactions.”

Therefore, we are of the view, and so hold, that the trial court erred in holding that the insurance policy in question did not cover the loss herein involved by reason of the subject exclusionary clause. Thus, it was error for the trial judge to have entered a final summary judgment in favor of the appellee insurance company.

For the reasons stated and upon the authorities cited, the judgment appealed is hereby reversed.

Reversed.

CARROLL, J., dissents.

ON REHEARING GRANTED

PER CURIAM.

A rehearing was granted in this cause solely dealing with our denial to appellants of attorneys’ fees in relation to their successful appeal reversing a summary judgment rendered against them below in favor of appellee insurance carrier on the issue of coverage. Having considered the argument of counsel and in light of the opinion in this cause returning the matter to the trial court for further proceedings, it is

Ordered and adjudged as follows:

(1) That any grant of attorneys’ fees to appellants for services rendered on appeal and below involving the issue of insurance coverage under the policy involved should be deferred until it is ultimately determined that the appellants will prevail against the insurance carrier.

(2) Therefore, the trial court be and is hereby directed and empowered, in the event the appellants should ultimately prevail before him, to fix an amount of attorneys’ fees to be awarded to appellants for services rendered in connection with this appeal and trial court action leading to same dealing with the issue of coverage under the insurance policy. Segelstrom v. Blue Shield of Florida, Inc., Fla.App. 1970, 233 So.2d 645; see also, Wilder v. Wright, Fla.App.1972, 269 So.2d 434.

CARROLL, J., dissents.

Other
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

A rehearing was granted in this cause solely dealing with our denial to appellants of attorneys’ fees in relation to their successful appeal reversing a summary judgment rendered against them below in favor of appellee insurance carrier on the issue of coverage. Having considered the argument of counsel and in light of the opinion in this cause returning the matter to the trial court for further proceedings, it is Ordered and adjudged as follows:

(1) That any grant of attorneys’ fees to appellants for services rendered on appeal and below involving the issue of insurance coverage under the policy involved should be deferred until it is ultimately determined that the appellants will prevail against the insurance carrier. (2) Therefore, the trial court be and is hereby directed and empowered, in the event the appellants should ultimately prevail before him, to fix an amount of attorneys’ fees to be awarded to appellants for services rendered in connection with this appeal and trial court action leading to same dealing with the issue of coverage under the insurance policy. Segelstrom v. Blue Shield of Florida, Inc., Fla.App. 1970, 233 So. 2d 645; see also, Wilder v. Wright, Fla.App.1972, 269 So. 2d 434.

CARROLL, J., dissents.


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Citator

Cited By (18 total)

  • Valdes v. Smalley, 303 So. 2d 342 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974)
    …he clause must be liberally construed in favor of the insured. See, State Farm Mut. Automobile Ins. Co. v. Partridge, supra; Wyoming Farm Bur. M. Ins. Co. v. State Farm M. Auto Ins. Co., supra; Daleo v. Bert & Bette Bayfront 66 Marine, Fla.App.1973, 273 So. 2d 113. Secondly, we believe the facts of this case are distinguishable. Here, the two teenage defendants became involved in a restaurant parking lot in an incident which had the potential to develop into a rumble. They decided to continue the trouble at…
  • Westmoreland v. Lumbermens Mut. Cas. Co., 704 So. 2d 176 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997)
    …utomobile Ins. Co. v. Partridge, [1973, 10 Cal.3d 94, 109 Cal.Rptr. 811, 514 P. 2d 123] supra; Wyoming Farm Bur. M. Ins. Co. v. State Farm M. Auto Ins. Co.,/10th Cir.1972, 467 F. 2d 990] supra; Daleo v. Bert & Bette Bayfront 66 Marine, Fla.App.1973, 273 So. 2d 113.” 303 So. 2d at 344. Again, the same language was construed broadly in an insuring clause to provide coverage, but narrowly when ambiguous in an exclusionary clause so as not to defeat coverage. It is important to recognize that a broad constructi…
  • Am. Home Assurance Co. v. Keller Indus., Inc., 347 So. 2d 767 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977)
    …only when and as provided for by the statute. American National Insurance Co. v. de Cardenas, 181 So. 2d 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 1965); Segelstrom v. Blue Shield of Florida, Inc., 233 So. 2d 645 (Fla. 2d DCA 1970); Daleo v. Bert & Bette Bayfront 66 Marine, 273 So. 2d 113 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973); Midwest Mutual Insurance Company v. San tiesteban, 287 So. 2d 665 (Fla.1974); Dawston v. Blue Cross Associates, 293 So. 2d 90 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974). See also, Southern American Fire Ins. Co. v. All Ways Reliable Maintenance, Inc.,…

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Authorities Cited (15 total)

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