DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE, STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
ARVIDA CORPORATION, APPELLEE
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The Department of Revenue appeals a trial court's determination that venue was proper in a county other than Leon County for a suit by Arvida Corporation challenging a tax warrant and execution for allegedly past-due intangible taxes. The court affirmed, holding that when the Department has taken imminent official action (issuing and threatening to deliver a tax warrant), suit may be maintained in the county where that action is about to occur.
The court held that venue properly lay outside Leon County because the Department of Revenue had taken imminent official action by issuing the tax warrant and threatening its imminent delivery and execution. The Department's conduct went beyond the contingent threat found insufficient in the prior First Federal case and constituted the type of imminent state action that allows suit in the county where the action is about to occur.
[1] A state agency may be sued outside the county of its headquarters when the official action complained of has been or is being performed in the county where the suit is fi…
[2] A mere demand for payment of taxes does not constitute official action or an imminent threat sufficient to establish venue outside the agency's headquarters county.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“The question to be answered in these cases may be said to be whether the state is the initial sword-wielder in the matter and whether the plaintiff's action is in the nature of a shield against the state's thrust. If so, then the suit may be maintained in the county wherein the blow has been or is imminently about to be laid on.”
Establishes the key test for determining whether venue lies in the county where state action is threatened or in the state agency's home county
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe Department of Revenue issued three notices to Arvida Corporation regarding delinquent intangible taxes. After two initial notices similar to those…
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. McNULTY, Chief Judge.
In this interlocutory appeal we revisit the venue question which was first before us in Department of Revenue v. First Federal Savings & Loan Association.1 That is to say, the question herein is whether the Department of Revenue can be sued outside Leon County, the situs of its headquarters, in a matter involving its efforts to collect allegedly past-due intangible taxes. The lower court said yes here and we agree.
In the First Federal case, supra, the Department of Revenue sent a standard form “formal notice assessment and demand” for delinquent intangible taxes. The notice further advised that the taxes should be paid “to avoid the service of a tax warrant to effect collection.” Recognizing the general Florida rule that, absent, a waiver, a state agency may be sued in a county other than the situs of its official headquarters only when the official action complained of has in fact been or is being performed in the county wherein the suit is filed or when the threat of such action in said county is both real and imminent, we held in that case that the aforesaid “notice” was a mere naked demand and did not constitute the “official action,” or imminence thereof, as contemplated by the aforesaid rule. Even if that notice constituted a threat, we said, there was no assertion that a warrant would certainly be sought, nor was a deadline given therefor. Accordingly, we construed that “threat” as contingent rather than real and anticipatory rather than imminent. We held, therefore, that venue properly lay in Leon County.
Under the facts in this case, however, after two previous notices were given appellee by appellant (which were similar to that given in First Federal, supra), a third notice was given on May 9, 1974, which stated that a tax warrant and execution had in truth and in fact already issued. Additionally, the notice further stated that “the tax warrant and execution are being delivered to [the] area supervisor .. . and he is instructed to withhold delivery of these documents to the clerk of the circuit court and sheriff until May 23, 1974. This extension of time is provided in the event you wish to make voluntary payment to'the area supervisor before he delivers the documents for execution.”
To avoid the consequence of impairment of. the marketability of its property, appel-lee instituted this action for injunction, asserting certain defenses to the tax claim. A sufficient bond was posted pursuant to law2 and the tax warrant and execution were thus neither filed nor executed.
We are of the view that in this case the Department of Revenue overstepped the line which we drew in First Federal Savings & Loan, supra. As we noted there:3
“The question to be answered in these cases may be said to be whether the state is the initial sword-wielder in the matter and whether the plaintiff’s action is in the nature of a shield against the state’s thrust. If so, then the suit may be maintained in the county wherein the blow has been or is imminently about to be laid on. On the other hand if plaintiff is the prime mover in the premises against a passive or dormant state or state agency then venue lies properly in the county wherein the state or the agency maintains its official headquarters. . . .” (Italics supplied.)
Under the facts here the Department of Revenue can hardly be said to be “passive or dormant.” Obviously, the blow was “imminently about to be laid on.”
Accordingly, the order appealed from should be, and it is hereby, affirmed.
GRIMES and SCHEB, JJ., concur. . (Fla.App.2d, 1971), 256 So. 2d 524.
. Section 212.15(5), F.S.1973.
.Note 1, supra, at 526.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
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State v. Falls Chase Special Taxing Dist., 424 So. 2d 787 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982)…ow the high water line later identified. Clean Water, Inc. v. Dept. of Environmental Regulation, 402 So. 2d 456 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981). . 344 So. 2d at 590. . E.g., Graham v. Vann, 394 So. 2d 178 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981); Dept. of Revenue v. Arvida Corp., 315 So. 2d 235 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975), cert. dism., 336 So. 2d 1181 (Fla.1976); Swinscoe v. Dept. of Revenue, 320 So. 2d 11 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975), cert. dism., 337 So. 2d 976 (Fla.1976). . W.D. Snodgrass, “Tact and the Poet’s Force,” in In Radical Pursuit, Critical Ess…
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Dep't OF Revenue v. Crisp, 337 So. 2d 404 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976)…demand for payment unaccompanied by further action, as in this case, is not an imminent “attempt” to seize and sell property of the taxpayer. See Gaulden v. Gay, Fla.1950, 47 So. 2d 580; Department of Revenue v. Arvida Corporation, Fla.App.2d 1975, 315 So. 2d 235; First Federal, supra. This court has been quite careful to distinguish between the types of agency action which are affirmative and those which are passive or dormant. In Arvida, the court held that issuing a tax warrant and execution to collect pa…
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Swinscoe v. State, 320 So. 2d 11 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975)…ers only when the official action complained of has, in fact, been or is being performed in the county wherein the suit is filed or when the threat of such action in said county is both real and imminent. Department of Revenue v. Arvida Corporation, 315 So. 2d 235, Opinion filed July 2, 1975, Second District Court of Appeal Case; Department of Revenue v. First Federal Savings & Loan Association, 256 So. 2d 524 (Fla.App.1971). Turning to the instant case, appellants were informed on August 28, 1974, by writte…
Previewing 3 of 8 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Dep't OF Revenue v. First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n OF Fort Myers, 256 So. 2d 524 (Fla. 2d DCA 1971)