DEBBIE BURLESON AND MONICA FRENCH, APPELLANTS/CROSS APPELLEES,
v.
DONALD J. STARK AND INTERNATIONAL LAND SALES, INC., APPELLEES/CROSS APPELLANTS

Fla. 4th DCA | 1978-04-04
No. 76-2732
ALDERMAN, C. J. and LETTS, J., concur.
357 So. 2d 1038 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1978) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

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Holding

The trial court erred in granting remittitur without offering a new trial and in failing to grant a directed verdict for International Land Sales, Inc. as Stark's actions were outside the scope of his employment.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court may set aside a jury verdict only when it is so excessive as to shock the judicial conscience.

[2] A trial court cannot reduce a jury verdict through remittitur without offering the plaintiff the option of a new trial.

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Facts & Procedural History

Plaintiffs rented condominium units through defendant Stark. Stark, intoxicated, entered plaintiffs' apartment late at night with a passkey and assaul…

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Opinion of the Court
MOORE, Judge.

MOORE, Judge.

Appellants, plaintiffs below, were awarded damages by the jury as follows: Debbie Burleson was awarded $5,000.00 compensatory damages plus $1,000.00 punitive damages; and Monica French was awarded $40,000.00 compensatory damages plus $1,000.00 punitive damages. Without providing appellants with the alternative of a new trial, the trial court granted appellees’ motion for remittitur, thereby reducing the appellants’ awards for compensatory damages to $2,000.00 and $6,000.00, respectively. The punitive damage awards were not disturbed.

Appellants contend that the trial court erred in granting the motion for remittitur because the jury awards were not so excessive as to shock the judicial conscience, and because they were not afforded the alternative of accepting a new trial. On cross appeal, appellee Stark contends that erroneous evidentiary rulings by the trial court entitle him to a new trial. On another cross appeal, appellee International Land Sales, Inc. contends that its motion for a directed verdict should have been granted.

International Land Sales, Inc. is a corporation which was organized by two individuals “to get involved in real estate.” Needing a real estate broker in order to be able to buy and sell land, International hired appellee Stark as a vice president. When the purpose for which International Land Sales, Inc. was organized was not realized, the corporation became inactive and liquidated its assets. Prior to that, however, 25% of all real estate commissions were deposited to the credit of the corporation.

During the period of International’s inactivity, appellee Stark agreed with Maccari Construction Company to attempt to rent some of its unsold condominium units. The evidence is unclear as to whether or not real estate commissions from such rentals, or any part thereof, were deposited to the credit of International. Through Stark, the plaintiffs had rented one of the condominium units owned by Maccari. On April 30, 1975, at approximately 2:00 A.M., Stark entered the plaintiffs’ apartment with a passkey given to him by Maccari, in an intoxicated state, supposedly for the purpose of collecting rent. He thereupon entered the plaintiffs’ bedroom, made sexual advances toward each of the plaintiffs, and physically struck each of them.

Initially, we hold that the trial court erred in granting the motion for re-mittitur. A verdict may be set aside by the trial court only when it is so excessive as to shock the judicial conscience. Willyerd v. Anderson, 312 So. 2d 504 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975); 23 Fla.Jur., “New Trial,” § 59. While a detailed review of the evidence would serve no useful purpose, we would point out that there was testimony that Monica French would incur over $24,000.00 in future medical expenses for necessary psychiatric care. Furthermore, she lost wages in the amount of $3,800.00, was forced to take a new job at a lower salary, and incurred medical bills totalling $550.00. While the verdict may be somewhat excessive, it can hardly be deemed shocking to the judicial conscience. Similarly, although Debbie Burleson’s medical expenses, lost wages and miscellaneous damages were minimal, we cannot find the jury award shocking to the judicial conscience.

The remittitur was also improper because the trial court failed to give the appellants the alternative of accepting the remittitur or proceeding with a new trial. The courts of this state have continually held that “[a] trial judge is not permitted to reduce the verdict of a jury by ordering a remittitur, without permitting the plaintiff to have the option of a new trial.” Dura Corp. v. Wallace, 297 So. 2d 619, 621 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974); see also, Willyerd, supra.

With respect to International’s cross appeal, we hold that the trial court erred by not granting International’s motion for directed verdict. International can be vicariously liable for Stark’s actions only if those actions were performed within the scope of Stark’s employment by International. In discussing the phrase “scope of employment”, the Second District recently said:

“An employee’s conduct is within the scope of his employment only if it is the kind he is employed to perform, it occurs substantially within the time and space limits of the employment and it is activated at least in part by a purpose to serve the master. The convenient test is whether the employee was doing what his employment contemplated.” Morrison Motor Co. v. Manheim Services Corp., 346 So. 2d 102, 104 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977).

The scope of one’s employment is certainly limited by time parameters. In the absence of express directions by the employer, it is totally inconceivable that an employment relation could contemplate an attempt to collect rent at 2:00 A.M. It is also incomprehensible how the scope of employment could include such an unlawful entry into another’s dwelling and the resultant acts incident thereto as occurred in this case. As Mr. Stark’s actions were clearly not within the scope of his employment, the jury should not have been submitted the issue of vicarious liability and International’s motion for directed verdict should have been granted.

Finally, we have reviewed the points raised in Stark’s cross appeal and have determined that they are without merit.

Having determined that it was error for the trial court to enter its order granting remittitur, this cause is REVERSED and REMANDED with instructions to the trial court to reinstate the jury verdicts, to enter final judgments for appellants and against appellee Stark in accordance with said verdicts, and to enter judgment for International in accordance with its motion for directed verdict.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

ALDERMAN, C. J. and LETTS, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Earnest Stanberry, Jr. v. Escambia Cnty., 813 So. 2d 278 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002)
    …under review final. Cf. Concept, L.C. v. Gesten, 662 So. 2d 970, 974 (Fla. 4th DCA 1995); Regency Lake Apartments Assocs. v. French, 590 So. 2d 970, 975 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991); Lewis v. Evans, 406 So. 2d 489, 491 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981); Burleson v. Stark, 357 So. 2d 1038, 1039 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978); Ellis v. Golconda Corp., 352 So. 2d 1221, 1227 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977); Dura Corp. v. Wallace, 297 So. 2d 619, 621 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974). The order under review grants re-mittitur (and denies various other post-trial motions) wit…
  • Brigette Rabideau v. The State of Fla. & Oscar Sambrine, 391 So. 2d 283 (Fla. 1st DCA 1980)
    …aware that it was intended for business use only and that he was not allowed to use the vehicle for personal use; that he understood that he was not allowed to use the vehicle after drinking and playing pool at a private club. In Burleson v. Stark, 357 So. 2d 1038 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978), our sister court of the Fourth District, quoting from Morrison Motor Co. v. Manheim Services Corp., 346 So. 2d 102 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977), said: An employee’s conduct is within the scope of his employment only if it is the kind he…
  • Maison Realty, Inc. v. Meredith Corp., 633 So. 2d 27 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)
    …an additur the court must also offer the aggrieved party an option of a new trial on the issue of damages. See City of Jacksonville v. Baker, 456 So. 2d 1274 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984), pet. for review denied, 464 So. 2d 554 (Fla.1985); Burleson v. Stark, 357 So. 2d 1038 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978). See also § 768.74(4), Fla.Stat. (1987). The trial court also found that Better Homes and Gardens was entitled to treble damages because B/K Properties’ actions were “egregious” and its excuses were at best “frivolous.” It is su…

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