STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
GEORGE KOPULOS, STEVEN J. YORK AND DANIEL SCOTT BONK, APPELLEES
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The court held that the information alleging conspiracy to traffic cannabis between specific dates was not impermissibly overbroad and should not have been dismissed.
[1] A conspiracy charge is not impermissibly overbroad when it alleges the offense occurred between specified dates, unless the accused is misled or prejudiced in their defen…
[2] Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.140(o) requires dismissal of an information only if it is so vague, indistinct, and indefinite as to mislead the accused, embarrass t…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellees were charged with conspiracy to traffic cannabis, with the charging language specifying a date range. The trial court dismissed the conspira…
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BOARDMAN, Acting Chief Judge.
Appellees were charged by information with conspiracy to traffic in cannabis in an amount in excess of 100 pounds and with trafficking in the same cannabis. The conspiracy count alleged that George M. Kopu-los, Steven J. York, and Daniel S. Bonk, in Pasco County, conspired to possess cannabis “between the 9th day of December, 1980 and the 21st day of December” 1980. The trial court dismissed this count on the authority of Cappetta v. State, 380 So. 2d 1303 (Fla.3d DCA 1980), ruling that the charging language was impermissibly overbroad. We reverse.
In Cappetta, the third district held that if the crime of conspiracy has been alleged to have occurred between certain specified dates (as in the instant case between December 9 and December 21) then the information or indictment must be dismissed unless it is alleged that the conspiracy was continuing throughout that period or that the conspiracy commenced at the beginning of that period and was not accomplished until the end. We disagree with the holding in Cappetta.
Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.140(d)(3) requires that each count of the information “shall contain allegations stating as definitely as possible the time and place of the commission of the offense charged.” Rule 3.140(o) further provides that no information shall be dismissed unless the court is of the opinion “that the indictment or information is so vague, indistinct and indefinite as to mislead the ac cused and embarrass him in the preparation of his defense or expose him after conviction or acquittal to substantial danger of a new prosecution for the same offense.” In other words, all that is required of the indictment or information is that it sufficiently apprise the defendant of the charges against him so that he may adequately prepare his defense and not be unfairly surprised by the evidence he is called upon to meet. United States v. Fischetti, 450 F. 2d 34 (5th Cir. 1971); United States v. Bullock, 451 F. 2d 884 (5th Cir. 1971).
The Florida Supreme Court has held that “it is not necessary to state the exact date .of the offense if that date is not known; it is acceptable to state that the commission of the crime occurred within set limits if those limits are specifically stated.” Sparks v. State, 273 So. 2d 74, 75 (Fla.1973).
According to Sparks, an allegation in the information that the offense occurred “on or about” a stated date is not fatally vague unless it could be shown that time is material to the crime being charged or that the accused is prejudiced by the use of the phrase. In State v. Barnett, 344 So. 2d 863 (Fla.2d DCA 1977), we criticized an indictment charging the commission of an offense “between the first day of October, 1975, and the eighteenth day of January, 1976” because nothing in the indictment stated that the crime was continuing throughout the specified period or commenced at the beginning of the period and was not accomplished until the end.
However, we noted that this deficiency alone might not be enough to require dismissal of the indictment, and affirmed dismissal due to a number of other deficiencies. In Black v. State, 360 So. 2d 142 (Fla.2d DCA 1978), aff’d, 385 So. 2d 1372 (Fla.1980), we explained that Sparks and Barnett did not involve a total failure to make the allegation as specific as it could have been. We pointed out that the modern trend is to excuse technical defects which have no bearing upon the substantial rights of the parties in the absence of a showing of prejudice. See Lackos v. State, 339 So. 2d 217 (Fla.1976).
Finally, in State v. Burkett, 344 So. 2d 868 (Fla.2d DCA 1977), we had before us an information alleging the commission of a conspiracy “between September 9, 1975 and September 23, 1975.” Since the nature of conspiracy is such that it can be accomplished by several acts over a period of time, we held that the fourteen-day span between September 9 and September 23 was not so vague or long a period as to embarrass the accused in preparing their defense or to preclude a possible double jeopardy defense on a subsequent prosecution.
The information tracked the language of both the conspiracy statute, Section 777.04(3), Florida Statutes (1979), and the drug trafficking statute, Section 893.-135(l)(a)l, Florida Statutes (1979) which rendered it sufficient. Martinez v. State, 368 So. 2d 338 (Fla.1978). While the conspiracy count might have been more artfully drawn, any technical defects it may contain are insufficient to warrant its dismissal. Appellees have not shown that they were prejudiced by any inartful pleading contained in the information.
Accordingly, the trial court’s order dismissing the conspiracy count of the information against appellees is REVERSED and the cause REMANDED for further proceedings.
OTT and DANAHY, JJ., concur.
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State v. Carmelo O. Mena, 471 So. 2d 1297 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)…ll that is required of the information is that it sufficiently apprise the defendant of the charges against him so that he may adequately prepare his defense and not be unfairly surprised by the evidence he is called upon to meet. State v. Kopu-los, 413 So. 2d 1195 (Fla. 2d DCA), appeal dismissed sub nom. Bonk v. State, 419 So. 2d 1195 (Fla.1982). The counts of the information in the present case tracked the language of both the cocaine trafficking statute, § 893.-135(l)(b), Fla.Stat. (1981), and the conspira…
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York v. State, 432 So. 2d 51 (Fla. 1983)…ed, the amended information was never filed. The trial court granted the motion to dismiss based on Cappetta v. State, 380 So. 2d 1303 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980). The state appealed and the Second District Court of Appeal reversed sub nom. State v. Kopulos, 413 So. 2d 1195 (Fla. 2d DCA), appeal dismissed sub nom. Bonk v. State, 419 So. 2d 1195 (Fla.1982).1 We have jurisdiction pursuant to article V, section 3(b)(3), Florida Constitution, because of the express and direct conflict between Cappetta and Kopulos. In Capp…
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State v. Cardinal, 429 So. 2d 747 (Fla. 4th DCA 1983)…ue or a substance proscribed by Chapter 893, Florida Statutes (1981).2 In our view defending against such charge does not violate Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.140(o). See State v. Fields, 390 So. 2d 128 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980); State v. Kopulos, 413 So. 2d 1195 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982); and Jones v. State, 415 So. 2d 852 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982). Further, Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.140(n) provides: The court, upon motion, shall order the prosecuting attorney to furnish a statement of particulars, when the…
Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Lacros v. State, 339 So. 2d 217 (Fla. 1976)
- United States v. Bullock, 451 F.2d 884 (5th Cir. 1971)
- United States v. Fischetti, 450 F.2d 34 (5th Cir. 1971)
- State v. Theron Black, 385 So. 2d 1372 (Fla. 1980)
- Martinez v. State, 368 So. 2d 338 (Fla. 1978)
- Sparks v. State, 273 So. 2d 74 (Fla. 1973)
- State v. Barnett, 344 So. 2d 863 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977)
- State v. Burkett, 344 So. 2d 868 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977)
- Theron Black v. State, 360 So. 2d 142 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978)
- Cappetta v. State, 380 So. 2d 1303 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)