HARRIS ISAACSON, APPELLANT,
v.
MICHELLE ISAACSON, APPELLEE
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The Florida First District Court of Appeal reversed a trial court's imposition of an equitable lien on homestead property to recover unpaid child support and alimony arrearages. The court held that while equitable liens can theoretically be imposed on homestead property in cases of fraud or egregious conduct, mere refusal to alienate or mortgage the property to pay support obligations does not constitute such conduct.
While equitable liens can be imposed on homestead property in cases of fraud or egregious conduct by the beneficiary, mere refusal to alienate or mortgage homestead property to satisfy support obligations does not constitute such conduct. The wife failed to establish the husband acted reprehensibly; rather, her inability to recover resulted from her failure to prove his present ability to pay.
[1] Homestead property is constitutionally exempt from forced sale.
[2] An equitable lien may be imposed against homestead property under certain circumstances, such as fraud or reprehensible conduct by the beneficiary of the homestead protec…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“when an equitable lien is sought against homestead real property, some fraudulent or otherwise egregious act by the beneficiary of the homestead protection must be proven.”
Establishes the legal standard required to overcome the constitutional homestead exemption through an equitable lien
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe parties divorced in 1982, with the husband owing alimony and child support to the wife. The husband, who now occupies the family homestead with hi…
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MILLS, Judge.
The husband appeals an order of the trial court imposing an equitable lien on homestead real property in favor of wife for arrearages in child support and alimony payments. Under the circumstances of this case, we reverse.
The parties were divorced in 1982. The final judgment of dissolution imposed alimony and child support obligations on husband, and required wife and the parties’ three minor children to vacate the family’s rural Alachua County homestead property. The husband subsequently remarried, and now occupies that property with his second wife. He has not paid anything toward his child support and alimony obligations since 20 August 1985, and is currently $15,555.04 in arrears.
Although earlier arrearages were reduced to judgment in favor of wife in October 1984, she has been precluded from levying on the subject real property by its status as the constitutional homestead of husband and his second wife. It is therefore “exempt from forced sale under process of any court.” Art. X, § 4(a)(1), Fla. Const. (1968). The wife has also sought on several occasions to have husband adjudged in contempt for failure to meet his support obligations, but she has never been able to show that he had the “present ability to pay” within the meaning of Bowen v. Bowen, 471 So. 2d 1274 (Fla.1985) and Ponder v. Ponder, 438 So. 2d 541 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983) (incarceration for civil contempt cannot be imposed absent a finding by the trial court that the contemnor has the present ability to purge himself of contempt).
In a continuation of this effort to recover the monies due her, wife filed the instant motion seeking to impose an equitable lien on the homestead property. The trial court, finding that husband’s conduct in “steadfastly refusing to honor his obligations to his former family is not only wrong, it is reprehensible within the meaning of Jones [v. Carpenter, 90 Fla. 407, 106 So. 127 (1925) ]”, granted wife’s motion and imposed an equitable lien on the property in the amount of $15,555.04.
Despite the exemption of homestead property from forced sale as provided in Art. X, § 4(a)(1), the trial court correctly concluded that an equitable lien can be imposed against such property under certain circumstances, namely, where a plaintiff can establish fraud or “reprehensible conduct” on the part of the beneficiary of the constitutional protection. Clutter Construction Corp. v. Clutter, 173 So. 2d 761, 761-62 (Fla. 3d DCA 1965); Bessemer v. Gersten, 381 So. 2d 1344, 1347 n. 1 (Fla.1980); Kitzinger v. Gulf Power Co., 432 So. 2d 188, 195 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983).
The purpose of an equitable lien is to achieve right and justice, considering the relations of the parties and the circumstances of their dealings. In re Estate of Donner, 364 So. 2d 742 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978). This language obviously invests the trial judge with a certain degree of discretion in imposing such liens, which was utilized herein with the laudable goal of assisting wife in recovering support monies to which she is entitled. However, the cases cited above make it clear that, when an equitable lien is sought against homestead real property, some fraudulent or otherwise egre gious act by the beneficiary of the homestead protection must be proven. This is consistent with the well-established principle that exceptions from the constitutional exemption from forced sale are to be strictly construed. Graham v. Azar, 204 So. 2d 193, 195 (Fla.1967).
Therefore, while we specifically do not hold that there is no factual situation which could warrant the imposition of an equitable lien on homestead real property for the recovery of child support and/or alimony arrearages, the facts in this case show that wife has failed to receive her money, not because of husband’s conduct, but because of her inability to prove that he can pay it. We decline to hold that, because a husband possesses qualified homestead real property which he refuses to alienate or mortgage to meet support obligations, he has acted “reprehensibly” as a matter of law so as to overcome the constitutional protection against the forced sale of such property.
The order appealed from is reversed.
THOMPSON, J., concurs.
BOOTH, C.J., dissents with opinion.
BOOTH, Chief Judge,
dissenting.
I would affirm the trial court’s judgment imposing an equitable lien under the facts of this case.
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Citator
Cited By (12 total)
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Havoco OF Am., Ltd. v. Hill, 790 So. 2d 1018 (Fla. 2001)…att v. Rosenblatt, 635 So. 2d 132 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994); Radin v. Radin, 593 So. 2d 1231 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992); Gepfrich v. Gepfrich, 582 [*1029] So. 2d 743 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991); cf. Smith v. Smith, 761 So. 2d 370 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000); Isaacson v. Isaacson, 504 So. 2d 1309 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987). We express no opinion as to the validity of this approach. . Chapter 222 governs the methods of setting apart homesteads and exemptions. Section 222.29, Florida Statutes (2000), provides: 222.29 No exemption for fraudulent tra…
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Gepfrich v. Gepfrich, 582 So. 2d 743 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991)…in this state that, where fraud or reprehensible conduct is involved, an equitable lien may be imposed even against homestead property. Clutter Construction Corporation v. Clutter, 173 So. 2d 761 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1965); [*745] and Isaacson v. Isaacson, 504 So. 2d 1309 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987). The trial court’s finding that appellant’s defenses to the contempt charge “constitute a complete lack of clean hands” establish for me the functional equivalent of fraud or reprehensible conduct sufficient for an equitable li…
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Phyllis M. LAW v. Robert R. LAW, 738 So. 2d 522 (Fla. 4th DCA 1999)…apart in separate residences, if they otherwise meet the requirements of the exemption. When we say “legitimately” we mean that there is no “fraudulent or otherwise egregious act” by the beneficiary of the homestead exemption. Isaacson v. Isaacson, 504 So. 2d 1309 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987); see also Radin v. Radin, 593 So. 2d 1231 (Fla. 3d DCA 1992). In the present case there was no evidence that Robert and Barbara’s separation in May, 1995, was for anything other than legitimate reasons, and ample evidence to supp…
Previewing 3 of 12 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Eugenia Bowen & the Fla. Dep't of Health & Rehabilitative Servs. v. Bowen, 471 So. 2d 1274 (Fla. 1985)
- Morgan F. Jones in Bankr. of Jacksonville Bread Co. v. Carpenter, 106 So. 127 (Fla. 1925)
- In re Est. of Samuel Donner v. Anton, 364 So. 2d 742 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978)
- State v. Koehler, 381 So. 2d 1344 (Fla. 1978)
- Torrez v. State, 438 So. 2d 541 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983)
- Clutter Constr. Corp. v. Clutter, 173 So. 2d 761 (Fla. 3d DCA 1965)
- Grady A. Barnard v. Crews, 204 So. 2d 193 (Fla. 1967)
- Ronald W. Kitzinger and Delores v. Kitzinger, 432 So. 2d 188 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983)