HOWARD E. DENMARK, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1987-11-05
No. BS-235
ERVIN and NIMMONS, JJ., concur.
519 So. 2d 20 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1987) Positive Treatment
Cited by 10 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Denmark appealed the summary denial of his post-conviction relief motion challenging his 15-year sentence for sexual battery, which exceeded sentencing guidelines. The court affirmed the denial, holding that a defendant's agreement to a sentence outside the guidelines as part of a legitimate plea bargain constitutes valid grounds for departure from recommended guidelines, and certified a question to the Florida Supreme Court regarding the effect of Williams v. State on this principle.


Holding

The court affirmed the trial court's denial of post-conviction relief, holding that a defendant's agreement to a sentence outside the guidelines as part of a legitimate and uncoerced plea bargain constitutes valid grounds for departure from recommended guidelines. The court also rejected the ineffective assistance of counsel claim based on Denmark's sworn testimony showing he was satisfied with his counsel and the plea was not coerced.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant's sworn testimony during a plea colloquy, confirming understanding, satisfaction with counsel, and lack of coercion, can support the denial of a post-convicti…

[2] A defendant's agreement to a sentence outside of the sentencing guidelines as part of a plea bargain can be a valid reason for a trial court to depart from the recommende…

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Key Quotes

“a trial court cannot impose an illegal sentence pursuant to a plea bargain.... A defendant cannot by agreement confer on the court the authority to impose an illegal sentence. If a departure is not supported by clear and convincing reasons, the mere fact that a defendant agrees to it does not make it a legal sentence.”

Establishes the principle from Williams v. State that defendant agreement alone cannot authorize an illegal sentence

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Facts & Procedural History

Denmark pleaded guilty to first-degree sexual battery in November 1986 after the charge was reduced from capital sexual battery. As part of his plea a…

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Opinion of the Court
MILLS, Judge.

MILLS, Judge.

Denmark appeals from the summary denial of his motion for post-conviction relief pursuant to Rule 3.850, Fla.R.Crim.P. We affirm.

In November 1986, Denmark plead guilty to sexual battery. In return, the charge against him was reduced from capital sexual battery to first degree sexual battery, and he agreed to accept a sentence of 15 years’ incarceration, which exceeded the guidelines recommendation of 5V2-7 years. Before entering his plea, Denmark was interrogated extensively, under oath, as to his understanding of the proceeding, his satisfaction with his counsel, whether he had been coerced, threatened, or promised anything other than the plea agreement to plead, and whether he had any matter that needed clarification before entering his plea. Receiving satisfactory answers to these inquiries, the trial court accepted his plea and sentenced him to 15 years’ incarceration.

In January 1987, Denmark filed the instant motion, alleging two grounds for relief: (1) that his sentence exceeded the guidelines and (2) ineffective assistance of counsel. The trial court denied the motion without hearing in February 1987, attaching a copy of the plea colloquy described above. With regard to the sentence outside of the guidelines, the court noted that “Florida cases hold that an agreement of a defendant is clear and convincing evidence to exceed the guidelines.”

It was not error to deny the motion on the basis of ineffective assistance of counsel. It is apparent from Denmark’s sworn testimony at the plea entry proceeding that his plea was not coerced, that he had no questions about any aspect of his plea and, most important, that he was satisfied with his counsel’s handling of his case.

With regard to the sentence outside of the guidelines, we note that Denmark agreed to that sentence as a part of his plea bargain. While it has previously been held that an agreement by a defendant to be sentenced outside of the guidelines is a valid reason to depart from the recommended sentence, Key v. State, 452 So. 2d 1147 (Fla. 5th DCA) pet. for rev. den., 459 So. 2d 1041 (Fla.1984), Bass v. State, 496 So. 2d 880, 882 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986), the recent decision in Williams v. State, 500 So. 2d 501 (Fla.1986) may cast doubt on that holding.

In Williams, the trial judge had conditioned sentencing within the guidelines on, among other things, reappearance by the defendant at sentencing. When the defendant failed to appear, the judge sentenced him outside the guidelines and the district court affirmed the departure. Along with its primary holding that failure to appear for sentencing did not constitute a clear and convincing reason for departure from the guidelines, the Court noted that the defendant’s acquiescence in that condition made no difference in that

[a] trial court cannot impose an illegal sentence pursuant to a plea bargain.... A defendant cannot by agreement confer on the court the authority to impose an illegal sentence. If a departure is not supported by clear and convincing reasons, the mere fact that a defendant agrees to it does not make it a legal sentence.

Williams at 503.

In Quarterman v. State, 506 So. 2d 50 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987), the defendant, as here, was sentenced outside the guidelines pursuant to his plea bargain. The court considered the effect of the Williams holding, and whether trial courts could thereafter exceed the recommended guidelines sentence “on the basis of a legitimate and uncoerced plea bargain.”

The Quarterman court first noted that, in the cases cited in Williams in support of its holding, Robbins v. State, 413 So. 2d 840 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982) and Smith v. State, 358 So. 2d 1164 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978), the sentences were illegal because of some fundamental error or because they exceed the statutory limit. Further, noted the court, “[p]lea bargain sentences have consistently been recognized as a valid reason for departure from a recommended sentence even if the court does not state other valid reasons for departure.” Quarterman at 52, citing Key, supra. Finally, the court pointed out that “the plea bargain proposed by the defendant was in accordance with his wishes to accomplish his purposes prior to being sentenced.” Quarterman at 52 (emphasis in original).

Based on the foregoing analysis, the Quarterman court affirmed the departure. However, because of its concern with the Williams decision, it also certified the following question:

MAY A TRIAL JUDGE EXCEED THE RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES SENTENCE BASED UPON A LEGITIMATE AND UNCOERCED CONDITION OF A PLEA BARGAIN?

We concur in and follow the reasoning of the Quarterman court in affirming the trial court's action herein in sentencing Denmark outside of the guidelines. However, we also certify the following question, slightly amended in form:

IN LIGHT OF Williams v. State, 500 So. 2d 501 (Fla.1986), MAY A TRIAL JUDGE EXCEED THE RECOMMENDED GUIDELINES SENTENCE BASED UPON A LEGITIMATE AND UNCOERCED CONDITION OF A PLEA BARGAIN?

Affirmed.

ERVIN and NIMMONS, JJ., concur.

Other

Appellant’s motion for rehearing is denied. However, pursuant to Rule 9.030(a)(2)(A)(iv), Fla.R.App.P., we certify that the decision in this case expressly and directly conflicts with a decision of another district court of appeal on the same question of law. See Broomfield v. State, 514 So. 2d 1135 (Fla. 5th DCA 1987).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Hosmer v. State, 523 So. 2d 184 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988)
    …iolated community control. It is well settled that a plea bargain constitutes a valid reason for a guideline departure sentence. Holland v. State, 508 [*186] So. 2d 5 (Fla.1987); Smith v. State, 519 So. 2d 731 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988); Denmark v. State, 519 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987); Marrow v. State, 518 So. 2d 479 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988); Lawson v. State, 497 So. 2d 288 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986); Quarterman v. State, 506 So. 2d 50 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987); Bass v. State, 496 So. 2d 880 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986); Key v. State, 452…
  • Jacobs v. State, 522 So. 2d 540 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988)
    …it enunciated clear and convincing reasons for enhancing the sentences.2 The plea agreement constitutes a valid reason for departure. See Holland v. State, 508 So. 2d 5 (Fla.1987); Rowe v. State, 523 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988); Denmark v. State, 519 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987); Quarterman v. State, 506 So. 2d 50, 52 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987); see also Grimes v. State, 499 So. 2d 42, 43 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986). [*542] Accordingly, we affirm the sentences under review. Affirmed. BASKIN and FERGUSON, JJ., concur.…
  • Yukanovitz v. State, 547 So. 2d 722 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989)
    …precisely that which was agreed upon. Such sentences generally do not require any other reason for departure from the recommended range. White v. State, 531 So. 2d 711 (Fla.1988); Valdes v. State, 528 So. 2d 94 (Fla. 1st DCA 1988); Denmark v. State, 519 So. 2d 20 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987), review denied 529 So. 2d 693 (Fla.1988). AFFIRMED. BARFIELD and MINER, JJ., concur. . Appellant claims that the imposition of both community control and incarceration is viola-tive of the holding in State v. Van Kooten, 522 S…

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