FLORIDA LEISURE ACQUISITION CORPORATION, PETITIONER,
v.
FLORIDA COMMISSION ON HUMAN RELATIONS, AND DAVID FAISON, RESPONDENTS

Fla. 5th DCA | 1994-07-08
No. 94-630
DAUKSCH, J., concurs., COBB, J., concurs specially, with opinion.
639 So. 2d 1028 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1994) Positive Treatment
Cited by 8 cases

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Synopsis

Florida Leisure sought immediate appellate review of a non-final administrative order from the Florida Commission on Human Relations that rejected a hearing officer's finding of no racial discrimination and remanded for a damages hearing. The District Court of Appeal held that immediate review of non-final administrative orders is available only when review after final agency action would be inadequate, and found that bifurcation of liability and damages proceedings did not meet this standard.


Holding

A district court of appeal may review a non-final administrative order only if review after final agency action would be inadequate. Bifurcation of liability and damages proceedings does not render post-final-order review inadequate, as parties remain free to conciliate at any point and can assess the merits of erroneous interlocutory rulings on plenary appeal like civil litigants.


Headnotes

[1] A district court of appeal has jurisdiction to review a non-final administrative order if review of the final agency action would not provide an adequate remedy.

[2] The necessity of proceeding through a bifurcated administrative hearing to conclusion before obtaining appellate review of an erroneous interlocutory ruling does not rend…

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Key Quotes

“jurisdiction lies in the district court of appeal to immediately review a non-final administrative order if review of the final agency action would not provide an adequate remedy”

Establishes the threshold standard for immediate review of non-final administrative orders

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Facts & Procedural History

Florida Leisure terminated employee David Faison's employment. The parties bifurcated the case to address liability first and damages later. A hearing…

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Opinion of the Court
GRIFFIN, Judge.

GRIFFIN, Judge.

Petitioner, Florida Leisure Acquisition Corporation [“Florida Leisure”] seeks review of a non-final order of the Florida Human Relations Commission [“FHRC”] rejecting a recommended order of a hearing officer of the Division of Administrative Hearings. The hearing officer found that Florida Leisure did not engage in a racially discriminatory employment practice when it terminated the employment of David Faison [“Faison”].

The liability and damages aspects of the case were bifurcated pursuant to stipulation of the parties. Florida Leisure asserts such bifurcation is “prevalent” in such discrimination cases. The hearing officer took evidence on the issue of whether Florida Leisure had engaged in a racially discriminatory employment practice and issued his recommended order. FHRC issued its order rejecting the “no discrimination” findings of the hearing officer1 and ordered the case remanded to the hearing officer for an evidentiary hearing on damages.

Our threshold concern is whether there is jurisdiction to review this non-final administrative order. Florida Leisure has offered us a candid and lucid analysis of the jurisdictional issue, and we agree that jurisdiction lies in the district court of appeal to immediately review a non-final administrative order if review of the final agency action would not provide an adequate remedy. Fla. Const. Art. V, § 4(b)(2); Fla.R.App.P. 9.100(a), (c); § 120.68(1), Fla.Stat. (1993). Florida Leisure urges that because the proceeding was bifurcated, assertedly to foster the “conciliatory” purpose of Chapter 760, Florida Statutes, any limitation of review of the order finding discrimination until after the agency issues its final order would be inadequate:

Bifurcation is common in employment discrimination suits because it allows the parties initially to determine whether liability exists. If liability exists, the parties may attempt to agree upon some affirmative relief without the necessity of a time consuming and expensive damages proceeding. One of the powers of the commission is to seek to conciliate employment disputes. See 760.06(5), Fla.Stat. (1993).

Florida Leisure has not persuaded us, however, that it would be deprived of an adequate remedy if appellate review were delayed until after the final order determining all issues. The necessity of trying a case to conclusion before obtaining redress on appeal from an eiToneous interlocutory ruling of the lower court does not make the remedy inadequate. See Deseret Ranches of Florida, Inc. v. St. Johns River Water Management Dist., 406 So. 2d 1132 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981), aff'd in part, rev’d in part, 421 So. 2d 1067 (Fla.1982); Gordons Jewelry Co. of Florida, Inc. v. Feldman, 351 So. 2d 1117 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977). A party burdened by an erroneous ruling in an administrative proceeding is no worse off than any civil litigant who has to await the final judgment before deciding whether to appeal an adverse interlocutoi-y ruling. The pax-ties are free to “conciliate” at any point no matter whether the interlocu-toi-y oi’der at that moment controlling the proceedings is correct or erroneous; both sides will have to assess the chances that the interlocutory oi-der will hold up on plenary appeal.

Florida Leisure has pointed out that the Florida Supreme Court has authorized interlocutory appeals in civil cases where the issues of liability and damages were bifurcated. Metropolitan Dade County v. Green, 596 So. 2d 458 (Fla.1992). The high court, however, did so based upon its interpretation of the appellate rule governing appeals of non-final orders in civil cases. See Fla. R.App.P. 9.130(a)(3)(C)(iv). Non-final administrative orders are not reviewable under that rule, however. Fla.R.App.P. 9.130(a)(1). Review is authorized pursuant to section 120.68(1), Florida Statutes, and Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.100 and is limited to cases where review after eixtry of the final oi’der is inadequate.

PETITION DENIED.

DAUKSCH, J., concurs.

COBB, J., concurs specially, with opinion.

. The appealed order is styled: "Order Finding that an Unlawful Employment Practice Occurred; Remanding the Matter to the Hearing Officer for Determination of Monetary Damages, Attorneys’ Fees and Costs.”

Concurrence
COBB, Judge,

COBB, Judge,

concurring specially.

While I am forced to concur with the majority in regard to our cex-tiorari jurisdiction in this mattex-, I do so reluctantly because the record before us amply demonstrates that, once again, the Florida Commission on Human Relations has rejected factual findings of its own hearing officer, even though such findings are supported by competent substantial evidence, and attempted to justify its action by mischaracterizing findings of fact as “conclusions of law.” See, e.g., Florida Dep’t of Community Affairs v. Bryant, 586 So. 2d 1205 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991); National Industries, Inc. v. Comm’n on Human Relations, 527 So. 2d 894 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988); Howard Johnson Co. v. Kilpatrick, 501 So. 2d 59 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987); Brevard County Sheriffs Dep’t v. Florida Comm’n on Human Relations, 429 So. 2d 1235 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983); School Bd. of Leon County v. Hargis, 400 So. 2d 103 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981).

The record in the instant case justifies l-eiteration of the observations of Judge Robert P. Smith, Jr. in Hargis:

We cannot escape the conviction that the Commission, in characterizing the actors’ conduct as “racially premised,” improperly invaded the factfinding function of the hearing officer.... However keen is the Commission’s insight into the subtleties of racial discrimination within predominantly white institutions, we cannot permit the Commission to indulge itself within its own judgmental activity the same sinister habit it is the Commission’s task to uproot from the judgments of others: that of making unarticulated, speculative, and uncomplimentary assumptions about the pui-poses, motives, and abilities of persons unseen, unheard, and unknown.

Hargis at 107.

In my view it is unfortunate that the petitioner here must be subjected tó a hearing on damages before being afforded relief from the obstinate, not to say contemptuous, refusal of the Commission to recognize that discriminatory intent is a factual issue. National Industries, Inc., at 897. At least it should be noted that section 760.11(13), Florida Statutes (1993), which deals with judicial review of final orders of the Human Relations Commission, allows for the discretionary assessment of reasonable attorney’s fees for the prevailing party against the administrative agency. See generally Christianburg Garment Co. v. E.E.O.C., 434 U.S. 412, 98 S.Ct. 694, 54 L.Ed.2d 648 (1978); E.E.O.C. v. Olson’s Dairy Queen, Inc., 803 F.Supp. 1215 (S.D.Tex.1991), rev’d in part, 989 F. 2d 165 (5th Cir.1993).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Earnest Mathis, Jr. v. Fla. Dep't OF Corr., 726 So. 2d 389 (Fla. 1st DCA 1999)
    …t has brought the administrative adjudicative process to a close.”); Braddon v. Doran Jason Co., 453 So. 2d 66, 66 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). PERC simply bifurcated the proceeding. See Florida Leisure Acquisition Corp. v. Florida Comm’n on Human Relations, 639 So. 2d 1028, 1028 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994) (holding that litigating the issues of liability and damages in separate administrative proceedings rendered the order resolving liability interlocutory). The order of February 6, 1996, did not bring quasi-judicial labor to…
  • Viering v. Fla. Comm'n ON Human Relations, 109 So. 3d 296 (Fla. 1st DCA 2013)
    …cedent liability determination in the Aug. 2 Order is dispositive. “The court may review any ruling or matter occurring before filing of the notice.” Fla. R.App. P. 9.110(h). See also Fla. Leisure Acquisition Corp. v. Fla. Comm’n on Human Relations, 639 So. 2d 1028, 1029 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994) (treating a liability determination before damages had been determined as a non-final interim order that could not be appealed before the Commission issued its final order in an employment discrimination case). [*298] Discr…
  • …Ford took this appeal. Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.130, which permits interlocutory review of non-final orders in civil cases, does not apply to administrative orders. See Fla. Leisure Acquisition Corp. v. Fla. Comm’n on Human Relations, 639 So. 2d 1028, 1029 (Fla. 5th DCA 1994). Furthermore, appellate review of preliminary, procedural, or intermediate administrative orders is limited. Section 120.68(1), Florida Statutes (2004), provides: [a] party who is adversely affected by final agency action…

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