JUDITH O. NELSON AND DANIEL H. NELSON, PETITIONERS,
v.
WENDY W. WOMBLE AND RUSSELL G. WOMBLE, RESPONDENTS

Fla. 5th DCA | 1995-06-30
No. 95-964
COBB and THOMPSON, JJ., concur.
657 So. 2d 1221 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1995) Caution
Cited by 10 cases

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Synopsis

The Fifth District Court of Appeal granted a writ of certiorari to review the denial of discovery of psychological records in a personal injury case. Because the plaintiffs placed their mental and emotional condition at issue by claiming damages for mental anguish and loss of consortium, they could not invoke the psychotherapist-patient privilege to prevent discovery of counseling records.


Holding

The psychological records and counseling notes are discoverable. Although Florida Statute § 90.503 establishes a psychotherapist-patient privilege, § 90.503(4)(c) creates an exception when a party relies upon their mental or emotional condition as an element of a claim or defense. Because the plaintiffs sought compensation for mental anguish and loss of consortium, they waived the privilege.


Headnotes

[1] A party who claims mental anguish or loss of consortium damages places their mental and emotional condition at issue, thereby waiving the psychotherapist-patient privileg…

[2] The psychotherapist-patient privilege does not apply when a party relies on their mental or emotional condition as an element of their claim in a legal proceeding.

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Key Quotes

“If a patient places in issue his or her mental or emotional condition as an element in his or her claim or defense, it would be inimical to the interests of justice to deny the adverse party an opportunity to introduce relevant evidence concerning that mental or emotional condition.”

Establishes the policy rationale for the exception to the psychotherapist-patient privilege when mental condition is placed at issue

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Facts & Procedural History

Wendy Womble and Russell Womble (plaintiffs) sued Daniel and Judith Nelson (defendants) for personal injuries. Wendy claimed mental anguish and loss o…

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Opinion of the Court
DAUKSCH, Judge.

DAUKSCH, Judge.

This case is before the court to review by certiorari the denial of the discovery of psychological records.

Petitioners are the defendants in a personal injury action and respondents are the plaintiffs. Plaintiffs claim that Wendy Womble was injured by defendants and that she suffered “mental anguish .,. [and] loss of capacity for the enjoyment of life.” Russell Womble was alleged to have suffered a loss of Wendy’s “comfort, society and attentions, and loss of intimate relations;” which is a claim for a loss of consortium.

After the alleged injuries both plaintiffs sought mental health counseling. The defendants want to see the notes and records regarding the counseling. Because both plaintiffs are seeking compensation from the defendants for the alleged infliction of mental anguish, etc., and the loss of consortium, Wendy’s mental and emotional condition is at issue in the case. The counseling she received and the joint counseling she and her husband received could be relevant to the case. The records are discoverable by the defendants.

Although section 90.503, Florida Statutes (1993), establishes a psychotherapist-patient privilege, section 90.503(4)(e), Florida Statutes (1993) limits the privilege.

90.503 Psychotherapist-patient privilege.—

(4) There is no privilege under this section.

(c) For communications relevant to an issue of the mental or emotional condition of the patient in any proceeding in which he relies upon the condition as an element of his claim or defense or, after the patient’s death, in any proceeding in which any party relies upon the condition as an element of his claim or defense.1

Professor Ehrhardt recently explained why the statute was enacted:

If a patient places in issue his or her mental or emotional condition as an element in his or her claim or defense, it would be inimical to the interests of justice to deny the adverse party an opportunity to introduce relevant evidence concerning that mental or emotional condition.

Charles Ehrhardt, Florida Evidence § 501.1 (1995 ed).

In Scheff v. Mayo, 645 So. 2d 181,182 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994), it was held:

A plaintiff who seeks mental anguish damages arising out of a motor vehicle accident has “made his post-accident mental or emotional condition an element of his negligence claim” and cannot invoke the psychotherapist-patient privilege. Arzola v. Reigosa, 534 So. 2d 883 (Fla. 3d DCA 1988). The respondent is not entitled to invoke the psychotherapist-patient privilege because she has placed her mental condition at issue. See Arzola v. Reigosa, 534 So. 2d at 883; Yoho v. Lindsley, 248 So. 2d 187 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971).

See also Sykes v. St. Andrews School, 619 So. 2d 467, 469 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993) where it was held:

One purpose of the waiver or exclusionary portions of the rule and the statute is to prevent a party from using the privilege as both a sword and a shield, that is, seeking to recover for damage to the emotions on the one hand while hiding behind the privilege on the other. It is beyond question that petitioner initially intended to put her mental condition in issue and to recover damages for her own emotional stress. She subsequently abandoned that attempt. Thus, her mental condition is no longer in issue except as respondents intend to make it so in furtherance of their own litigation strategy. Petitioner has dropped the sword. Because Russell Womble seeks in excess of $15,000 for his loss of consortium due to the fault of petitioners and because the post-injury counseling was sought to help with his losses, it is clear that the notes and records regarding the counseling could be relevant to an issue in the case. They are discoverable.

The orders denying discovery are quashed.

WRIT GRANTED; ORDERS QUASHED; REMANDED.

COBB and THOMPSON, JJ., concur. . When a party asserts that information is privileged, he is the one who has the burden of establishing the existence of each element of the privilege. Southern Bell Tel. & Tel. Co. v. Deason, 632 So. 2d 1377, 1383 (Fla.1994). The Wombles did so. Once that is done, it is the other party's burden to show that one of the statutory exceptions applies. Palm Beach County School Bd. v. Morrison, 621 So. 2d 464 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993); Cantor v. Toyota Motor Sales, USA, Inc., 546 So. 2d 766 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989). The Nelsons also did so.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Sherron Partner-Brown v. Bornstein, 734 So. 2d 555 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999)
    …k Bornstein, a podiatrist, persuaded the trial court that Partner-Brown had placed her mental or emotional state at issue because of the reference in the complaint to loss of “enjoyment of life” and relied upon our prior opinion in Nelson v. Womble, 657 So. 2d 1221 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995). In that case we allowed discovery of mental health records— but there we were dealing with a specific allegation that mental anguish was inflicted, which is not true in the instant case. The allusion to loss of enjoyment of life…
  • Snead v. Leonel Angeles-Maya and Paula Angeles, 290 So. 3d 565 (Fla. 1st DCA 2021)
    …ent relies upon the condition as an element of his or her claim or defense”); Hett v. Barron-Lunde, 290 So. 3d 565, 571 (Fla. 2d DCA 2020) (allowing discovery of financial records directly relevant to claims at issue in lawsuit); Nelson v. Womble, 657 So. 2d 1221, 1222 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995) (granting discovery where plaintiff put emotional condition at issue by claiming damages for infliction of mental anguish). DENIED on the merits. ROBERTS, KELSEY, and JAY, JJ., concur. _____________________________ Not…
  • Garbacik v. Wal-Mart Transp., LLC, 932 So. 2d 500 (Fla. 5th DCA 2006)
    …to adopt the position asserted here by the respondent, it would render the above statute a nullity and inject the issue of mental anguish into virtually every personal injury case. That is not the law and it is not what we held in Nelson v. Womble, 657 So. 2d 1221 (Fla. 5th DCA 1995). It should be apparent that physical pain and suffering, absent mental anguish, can impair the enjoyment of life. Accordingly, we grant the petition for writ of certiorari and quash the discovery order issued by the trial court…

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