CHARLES W. LEE, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Charles W. Lee appealed the denial of his motion to correct an illegal sentence, arguing that the trial court was required to classify him as a youthful offender under Florida law. The First District Court of Appeal affirmed the denial but certified to the Florida Supreme Court the question of whether a trial court's failure to consider youthful offender classification is cognizable under Rule 3.800(a).
The court affirmed Lee's sentence because, under Davis v. State, a sentence is illegal only if it exceeds the maximum period set forth by law, and the failure to consider youthful offender classification does not render a sentence illegal. However, the court certified to the Florida Supreme Court the question of whether such failure is cognizable under Rule 3.800(a), recognizing differences between that issue and the failure to file contemporaneous written reasons for a departure sentence.
[1] A sentence is illegal under Rule 3.800(a) only if it exceeds the maximum period set forth by law for a particular offense.
[2] A defendant convicted of a life felony is statutorily ineligible for classification as a youthful offender.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a sentence is "illegal" only if "it exceeds the maximum period set forth by law for a particular offense"”
Establishes the legal standard for what constitutes an illegal sentence under Rule 3.800(a), citing Davis v. State
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceLee pleaded guilty to second degree murder on August 4, 1981, for an offense committed on November 18, 1980, when he was seventeen years old. He was s…
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PER CURIAM.
Charles W. Lee appeals an order of the circuit court denying his motion to correct an illegal sentence pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a). On appeal, Lee raises three grounds for relief, only one of which merits discussion: Lee alleges that the trial court was required, at the time of his sentencing, to classify him as a youthful offender, pursuant to section 958.04, Florida Statutes (1979).
At the time of Lee’s offense, there was no requirement that the trial court sentence him as a youthful offender, although, if he met the requirements of section 958.04(1), Florida Statutes (Supp.1980), Lee would have been entitled to be considered for sentencing as a youthful offender, and a lack of such consideration could have been remedied on direct appeal. We conclude, in light of our supreme court’s recent decision in Davis v. State, 661 So. 2d 1193 (Fla.1995), that whether Lee should have been considered for sentencing as a youthful offender is not cognizable on a Rule 3.800 motion or otherwise collaterally. See also State v. Callaway, 658 So. 2d 983 (Fla.1995). But the matter is not entirely free from doubt, and we certify the question as a matter of great public importance.
On August 4,1981, after pleading guilty to second degree murder, Lee was sentenced to 120 years in prison, well in excess of the maximum allowed if sentence had been pro-nouneed under section 958.04, the youthful offender statute. In his motion, Lee alleges that, because the offense occurred on November 18, 1980, when he was seventeen years old, section 958.04 mandated that he be classified as a youthful offender. The motion relies specifically on section 958.04(2), Florida Statutes (1979).
As of October 1, 1980, however, the statute, which lists several criteria, was amended to require only that they “shall be considered in determining whether to classify as a youthful offender a person who meets the requirements of subsection (1)[J” § 958.04(2), Fla.Stat. (Supp.1980). The version of the statute which applied in Lee’s case only mandates “consideration of the criteria contained in section 958.04(2), Florida Statutes (1981) ... when a person meets the requirements of section 958.04(1).” McNeil v. State, 438 So. 2d 178, 179 n. 1 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983).1 The statute2 does not dictate that the defendant be sentenced as a youthful offender in every case in which it appliés.
In the order denying Lee’s motion to correct an illegal sentence, the circuit judge (who was not the sentencing judge) concluded that Lee was ineligible for classification as a youthful offender because he was convicted of a life felony.
In his motion, the defendant contends he met the criteria for classification as a youthful offender and should have been sentenced as such. However, section 958.04, Florida Statutes (1981), provides that “... no person who has been found guilty of a capital or life felony may be classified as a youthful offender under this act.” § 958.04(l)(c), Fla.Stat. (1981). As the defendant was convicted of a life felony, he was not subject to classification as a youthful offender. Accordingly, the defendant’s first ground for relief is without merit.
The statutory language set out in the trial court’s order was in effect at the time of the offense. We agree with the trial court’s conclusion that, if Lee was convicted of a life felony, he was not eligible even to be considered for classification as a youthful offender. § 958.04(1)(c), Fla.Stat. (Supp.1980).
But it is not clear why the judgment designates his crime a life felony, or that this designation is correct. The plea agreement states that the negotiated sentence is for “Murder II.” The judgment bears an “offense statute number” of 782.04(2). Section 782.04(2), Florida Statutes (Supp.1980), proscribes murder in the second degree, a “felony of the first degree, punishable by imprisonment for a term of years not exceeding life or as provided in s. 775.082, s. 775.083, or s. 775.084.” “[Ajuthorization of imprisonment for ‘a term of years not exceeding life’ under § 782.04(2) does not reasonably support classification of the offense as a life felony for Chapter 958 purposes.... ” McNeil, 438 So. 2d at 179, quoting Williams v. State, 405 So. 2d 436, 438 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981). The record does not show conclusively that Lee was convicted of a life felony.3
Our supreme court has recently held that within the meaning of Rule 3.800(a), a sentence is “illegal” only if “it exceeds the maximum period set forth by law for a particular offense” and that the failure to file contemporaneous written reasons for a departure sentence does not render the sentence illegal. Davis, 661 So. 2d at 1196-97. In light of Davis, we affirm Lee’s sentence.
We recognize, however, that there are differences between the failure to file contemporaneous written reasons for a departure sentence and the failure to consider a defendant for classification as a youthful offender based on the apparently erroneous assumption that the defendant committed a life felony and thus is not eligible for such consideration. We therefore certify the following question to the Florida Supreme Court as one of great public importance:
WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT’S FAILURE TO CONSIDER A DEFENDANT FOR CLASSIFICATION AS A YOUTHFUL OFFENDER IS COGNIZABLE UNDER RULE 3.800(A), FLORIDA RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE.
ERVIN, MINER and BENTON, JJ., concur. . McNeil makes it clear that the statute in effect at the time of the offense should govern.
. The 1981 version of section 958.04, Florida Statutes, is identical to the version in force at the time of appellant’s offense.
The 1979 version provided:
(2) A person shall be classified a youthful offender if such person meets the criteria of subsection (1) and such person:
(a) Has not previously been found guilty of a felony, whether or not the adjudication of guilt has been withheld; or (b) Has not been adjudicated delinquent for an act which would be a capital, life, or first degree felony if committed by an adult.
(Emphasis supplied.) But the statute was amended effective October 1, 1980. Ch. 80-321, §§ 1, 2, at 1388-89, Laws of Fla. Under the amended statute, adjudication for an act constituting a first degree felony was no longer disqualifying, and classification ceased to be mandatory.
Section 39.02(5)(c), Florida Statutes, was amended effective October 1, 1981 to read:
3.If the child is found to have committed the offense punishable by death or by life imprisonment, the child shall be sentenced as an adult....
This more recent language, which was deleted effective October 1, 1994, by Ch. 94-209, § 19, at 1253, Laws of Florida, is not applicable to Lee because his offense, conviction and sentence all occurred before the effective date.
. There is nothing in the record to indicate that Lee used a firearm in the commission of the crime, see § 775.087(1)(a), Fla.Stat. (1980 or 1979), or that this first degree felony should be reclassified as a life felony on any other basis.
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LEE v. State, 679 So. 2d 1158 (Fla. 1996)…ollowing question certified to be of great public importance: WHETHER THE TRIAL COURT’S FAILURE TO CONSIDER A DEFENDANT FOR CLASSIFICATION AS A YOUTHFUL OFFENDER IS COGNIZABLE UNDER RULE 3.800(a), FLORIDA RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE. Lee v. State, 667 So. 2d 253 (Fla.App. 1st DCA 1995). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(4), Fla. Const. The First District Court of Appeal affirmed the trial court’s order denying Lee’s 3.800(a) motion1 to correct an illegal sentence. Lee claimed that his sentence was illeg…
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Darin S. Hopping v. State, 674 So. 2d 905 (Fla. 1st DCA 1996)…etermined that when only the sentence, not the conviction, is attacked as violating double jeopardy, the claim was cognizable as an illegal sentence under rule 3.800. See Jackson v. State, 650 So. 2d 1026 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995). [*906] In Lee v. State, 667 So. 2d 253 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995), we recognized a possible distinction between the issue addressed in Davis, which involved the filing of contemporaneous written reasons for a guidelines departure sentence, and the particular sentencing situation involved in Lee…
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Aron Johnson v. State, 739 So. 2d 146 (Fla. 5th DCA 1999)…whether the court intended to sentence Johnson as an adult or as a youthful offender. If the latter, the sentence imposed exceeds the permissible length for youthful offender sanctions. See State v. Arnette, 604 So. 2d 482 (Fla.1992); Lee v. State, 667 So. 2d 253 (Fla. 1st DCA 1995), approved, 679 So. 2d 1158 (Fla.1996). Accordingly, we remand this cause to the trial court for clarification. See Tory v. State, 686 So. 2d 689 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). REMANDED for clarification. ANTOON, C.J. and GRIFFIN, J.,…
Authorities Cited
- Davis v. State, 661 So. 2d 1193 (Fla. 1995)
- State v. Callaway, 658 So. 2d 983 (Fla. 1995)
- Holmes v. State, 405 So. 2d 436 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)
- Williams v. State, 405 So. 2d 436 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981)
- Dontra McNEIL v. State, 438 So. 2d 178 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983)