ROBERT HARTLEB, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, ET AL., APPELLEES
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In this eminent domain case, the court reversed trial court orders denying the property owner's recovery of attorney's fees and costs incurred after the state's offer of judgment. The court held that the offer was ambiguous regarding whether it included compensation owed to the property owner's tenant, and that the state's post-offer changes to construction plans constituted unfair dealing that barred application of the attorney's fees statute.
The court held that the property owner may recover attorney's fees and costs incurred after the offer because the offer was ambiguous regarding the tenant's claim and the state's substantial post-offer changes to construction plans violated principles of fair dealing, barring application of the statutory fee restriction.
[1] In eminent domain actions, attorney's fees and costs incurred after the rejection or expiration of a petitioner's offer of judgment are not recoverable if the final verdi…
[2] An offer of judgment in an eminent domain action is ambiguous if it does not specify whether it includes compensation for potential apportionment claims of other parties,…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Where an offer of judgment made by the petitioner ... is either rejected or expires and the verdict or judgment is less than or equal to the offer of judgment, no attorney's fees or costs shall be awarded for time spent by the attorney or costs incurred after the time of rejection or expiration of the offer.”
The applicable statutory provision governing attorney's fees in eminent domain cases
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe Florida Department of Transportation made an offer of judgment for $60,000 in an eminent domain case. The jury ultimately awarded $60,971, with th…
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STONE, Judge.
We reverse trial court orders in this eminent domain action that deny Appellant’s recovery of that portion of attorney’s fees and costs incurred subsequent to Appellee’s offer of judgment.
Section 73.092(7), Florida Statutes (1987), the agreed applicable eminent domain provision, reads, in pertinent part:
Where an offer of judgment made by the petitioner ... is either rejected or expires and the verdict or judgment is less than or equal to the offer of judgment, no attorney’s fees or costs shall be awarded for time spent by the attorney or costs incurred after the time of rejection or expiration of the offer. The department’s offer was for $60,000. The appellanVfee owner ultimately received $53,630 out of a jury verdict of $60,971, the difference being an award to Appellant’s tenant allocated in a post-verdict proceeding. There was no indication in the department’s offer of judgment that the offer did not include any compensation that might be owed by Appellant to the tenant. The offer made no reference to any apportionment claims of others. The offer states that it is made “as complete and total settlement of the above styled cause.”
In an eminent domain proceeding, the jury is generally asked to evaluate the various fee and leasehold interests collectively in arriv- mg at an all inclusive verdict. See Bolduc v. Glendale Federal Bank, 631 So. 2d 1127, 1128-29 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994). See also K-Mart Corp. v. State Dept. of Transp., 636 So. 2d 131 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994). Subsequently, an apportionment hearing is conducted to determine the respective rights of the respondents in the award. Bolduc; State Road Dept. v. Thibaut, 190 So. 2d 53 (Fla. 4th DCA 1966), cert. denied, 196 So. 2d 922 (1967); Lee County v. Sager, 595 So. 2d 177 (Fla. 2d DCA), rev. denied, 606 So. 2d 1165 (Fla.1992); Division of Admin., State of Fla. v. Allen, 447 So. 2d 1383 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). Here, there being no indication in the offer that Appellant’s recovery would be free and clear of the respondent-tenant’s interest in the award, it is reasonably read as made in relation to the potential verdict.
At best, the department’s offer was ambiguous. Had Appellant accepted, he was still facing the tenant’s apportionment claim which remained unresolved. The department had no control over the tenant’s claims. Therefore, it could not be determined whether the department intended a separate settlement of the tenant’s claim.
In any event, we also reverse because the department made substantial changes in the construction plans and design, correcting a major problem in elevations, which decreased the scope of the proposed taking after the offer expired. Appellant was not advised that the changes had been made until after the trial had started.
Simple equity and requirements of fair dealing mandate that the department not benefit from making a pre-trial offer of judgment evaluated in relation to one set of damages and then argue at trial, for a substantially lessened damage award occasioned by the changed plans. We can discern no reason to reward the department for submitting an insufficient offer under the statute, and then de facto correcting it through a reduction in the scope of the taking. Such an outcome is certainly contrary to the public policy established in the legislative scheme governing the award of attorney’s fees.
Accordingly, on remand, the offer of judgment is to be stricken and the award of attorney’s fees modified accordingly. All other issues raised on appeal are moot.
POLEN, J., concurs.
KLEIN, J., concurs specially with opinion.
KLEIN, Judge,
concurring specially.
I agree entirely with the majority opinion and write only to express my concern regarding the D.O.T.’s actions in this ease. I cannot understand how the D.O.T. could possibly take the position that an offer of judgment, made prior to the D.O.T. making substantial changes to construction plans and thereby decreasing the owner’s damages, could possibly remain in effect. Nor do I understand how the D.O.T. could think that it could prevail where the offer made no reference to apportionment between the owner and the tenant. The D.O.T.’s decision to take this position, which required the owner to bring this appeal, not only wasted the time of counsel employed by the D.O.T. but also made the state responsible for paying the owner’s attorneys’ fees for this appeal. See § 73.131, Fla.Stat. (1987).
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Sec. Prof'ls, Inc. v. Segall, 685 So. 2d 1381 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997)…ted the initial injury, where plaintiffs claims against the defendant were previously determined to include the claims against the physician. E.M. Segall and Hollywood Lakes Country Club, also rely on Hartleb v. State, Department of Transportation, 677 So. 2d 336 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996), as authority for the proposition that the claims against them were subsumed within the offer of judgment. However, in Hartleb, an eminent domain proceeding, the issue was whether the DOT’s offer of judgment to the fee owner incl…
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Tilden Groves Holding Corp. v. Orlando/Orange Cnty. Expressway, 816 So. 2d 658 (Fla. 5th DCA 2002)…much change. Aware of the mistake, the customer pockets and keeps the excess, saying well too bad you made a unilateral mistake. And the next customer claims the cashier should pay his bill as well. . Hartleb v. State, Department of Transportation, 677 So. 2d 336 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996). . See, e.g., Seminole County Bd. of County Com’rs v. Long, 422 So. 2d 938 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982). . Berman, Florida Civil Practice at 652. . See BMW of North America, Inc. v. Krathen, 471 So. 2d 585 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985). . See M…
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Orlando/Orange Cnty. Expressway Auth. v. Tuscan Ridge, LLC, 84 So. 3d 410 (Fla. 5th DCA 2012)…ultiple plaintiffs had to state the amount and terms attributable to each plaintiff; court said, among other things, separate offers were necessary for each party to evaluate the offer as it pertains to him or her); Hartleb v. Fla. Dep’t of Transp., 677 So. 2d 336, 337 (Fla. 4th DCA 1996) (holding that offer of judgment made to fee owner under statutes and rules no longer applicable did not cut off fee owner’s right to fees because offer did not state it was being made free and clear of the tenant’s claims an…
Previewing 3 of 4 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Division of Administration v. Allen, 447 So. 2d 1383 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984)
- State Rd. Dep't of Fla. v. Thibaut, 190 So. 2d 53 (Fla. 4th DCA 1966)
- K-Mart Corp. v. State, 636 So. 2d 131 (Fla. 2d DCA 1994)
- LEE Cnty. v. Sager, 595 So. 2d 177 (Fla. 2d DCA 1992)
- State v. Stanley, 196 So. 2d 922 (Fla. 1967)
- Mut. Ins. Rating Bureau v. Williams, 196 So. 2d 922 (Fla. 1967)
- Bolduc v. Glendale Fed. Bank, 631 So. 2d 1127 (Fla. 4th DCA 1994)