STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
ELLIS D. COLLEY, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1999-11-08
No. 97-03653
PARKER, A.C.J., and NORTHCUTT, J., Concur.
744 So. 2d 1172 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1999) Negative Treatment
Cited by 10 cases

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Synopsis

Florida appealed a trial court's order denying the State's motion to designate Ellis Colley as a sexual predator. The appellate court reversed, holding that Colley met the statutory criteria for sexual predator designation based on his nolo contendere plea to attempted sexual battery while armed with a dangerous weapon, a first-degree felony.


Holding

Colley qualifies as a sexual predator under former section 775.23(2)(a) because he pleaded nolo contendere to a first-degree felony violation of chapter 794. The trial court had jurisdiction to designate him a sexual predator and committed error in refusing to do so. The court reversed and remanded with directions to enter an order designating Colley as a sexual predator.


Headnotes

[1] A conviction for attempted sexual battery, even if reclassified as a first-degree felony due to the use of a dangerous weapon, can serve as a predicate offense for sexual…

[2] The fact that an offender pleaded nolo contendere to a first-degree felony violation of chapter 794 or section 847.0145, Florida Statutes (1993), or a similar law of anot…

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Key Quotes

“Mr. Colley qualifies as a sexual predator under former section 775.23(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1993), because the offense to which he pleaded was a first-degree felony violation of chapter 794. The fact that Mr. Colley pleaded to an attempt does not prevent his designation as a sexual predator.”

Establishes the core holding that attempt charges and reclassifications do not prevent sexual predator designation when the offense is a first-degree felony.

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Facts & Procedural History

In 1995, Colley pleaded nolo contendere to attempted sexual battery of a person over 12 years old while armed with a dangerous weapon, which was recla…

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Opinion of the Court
ALTENBERND, Judge.

ALTENBERND, Judge.

The State challenges an order denying its motion for a written finding of sexual predator status. We grant relief because the record reflects that Ellis D. Colley meets the criteria for designation as a sexual predator. In 1995, Mr. Colley pleaded nolo conten-dere to several charges stemming from an episode that occurred in. April 1994. Among other offenses, Mr. Colley pleaded to attempted sexual battery of a person over 12 years of age while armed with a dangerous weapon, a violation of section 794.011(4)(b), Florida Statutes (1993). Attempted sexual battery is a second-degree felony. See §§ 794.011(4), 777.04(4)(d), Fla. Stat. (1993). However, because Mr. Colley committed the offense while armed with a dangerous weapon, the charge was reclassified as a first-degree felony. See § 775.087(l)(b), Fla. Stat. (1993). After entering his plea, Mr. Colley was sentenced to prison for three years followed by ten years’ probation.

For reasons unexplained in the record, no written finding concerning the sexual predator designation was filed when Mr. Colley was sentenced in 1995. See § 775.23(3)(b), Fla. Stat. (1993). The record does reflect that the Florida Department of Law Enforcement placed Mr. Colley on its own sexual predator list. Apparently, the FDLE was authorized to place Mr. Colley on its list either because Mr. Colley had pleaded to a first-degree sexual battery offense or because Mr. Col-ley had committed prior sexual offenses in California. See § 775.22(2), Fla. Stat. (1993). Mr. Colley was already registered as a sex offender in California.

In 1997, after a change in the law required the FDLE to remove names from its sexual predator list, the State filed a motion seeking a sexual predator designation for Mr. Colley pursuant to section 775.21(4)(a)(2)(b), Florida Statutes (Supp. 1996). Without stating any reasons, the trial court entered an order denying this motion. This order is the subject of this proceeding.

Section 775.21, Florida Statutes (Supp. 1996), was the version of Florida’s Sexual Predator Act in effect at the time the trial court entered the order at issue. This section relied on repealed sections 775.22 and 775.23 to define the predicate offenses necessary to classify an offender as a sexual predator for offenses committed on or after October 1, 1993, and before October 1, 1995. See § 775.21(4), Fla. Stat. (Supp. 1996); Kyles v. State, 703 So. 2d 1155 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997). Former section 775.23(2)(a) defines a sexual predator as an offender who is convicted of, or who pleads nolo contendere or guilty to, any capital, life, or first-degree felony violation of chapter 794 or section 847.0145, Florida Statutes (1993), or’ a violation of a similar law of another jurisdiction.

Mr. Colley qualifies as a sexual predator under former section 775.23(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1993), because the offense to which he pleaded was a first-degree felony violation of chapter 794. The fact that Mr. Colley pleaded to an attempt does not prevent his designation as a sexual predator. See Johnson v. State, 716 So. 2d 332 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998). Likewise, the fact that the offense to which he pleaded is a first-degree felony only because it was reclassified under section 775.04 does not prevent his designation as a sexual predator. The pertinent inquiry under former section 775.23(2)(a) concerns the degree of the offense to which Mr. Colley pleaded, not the exact statutory analysis necessary to arrive at the degree level for the offense.1

When the State requested the trial court designate Mr. Colley as a sexual predator in 1997, the trial court had jurisdiction to do so pursuant to section 775.21(4)(a)(2), Florida Statutes (Supp.1996). See Collie v. State, 710 So. 2d 1000, 1006 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998). Because the court had jurisdiction and Mr. Colley qualified as a sexual predator, it was error for the trial court to refuse to so designate him.

While we are convinced the trial court committed error, our exact jurisdictional basis to correct this error is unclear. The State sought to invoke this court’s jurisdiction by filing a notice of appeal. This court has previously held that a defendant may take a direct appeal from an order designating him or her a sexual predator by way of Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.140(b)(1)(C). See Downs v. State, 700 So. 2d 789 (Fla. 2d DCA 1997). There is no similar provision in rule 9.140 that would allow the State to appeal an order declining to impose a sexual predator designation. The First District has addressed this jurisdictional question and has decided that the State must file a petition for writ of certiorari to challenge such an order. See State v. Galloway, 721 So. 2d 1197 (Fla. 1st DCA 1998).

On the other hand, a sexual predator designation is not a sentence or punishment, but is a regulatory act done for remedial purposes. See Collie, 710 So. 2d 1000. In general, the rules of criminal procedure do not apply to sexual predator designations. See Angell v. State, 712 So. 2d 1132 (Fla. 2d DCA 1998). Thus, we arguably could treat this case as an appeal brought pursuant to Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.130(a)(4), which governs nonfinal orders entered after final judgment in civil cases.

We are inclined to believe that certiorari is the better approach, but it is not essential that we decide which approach to take because we have jurisdiction under either approach. Even under the more limited review available through certiorari, we can grant the State relief. Accordingly, we quash the trial court’s order and remand, directing the court to enter an order designating Mr. Colley a sexual predator.2

Finally, the State argues that Mr. Colley should be subject to the community and public notification requirements of current section 775.21(4)(a), Florida Statutes (Supp.1998). This issue was not presented to the trial court nor properly raised before this court. We decline to pass upon it at this time. The State may raise this issue with the trial court on remand.

Order quashed and case remanded.

PARKER, A.C.J., and NORTHCUTT, J., Concur. . In light of finding that Mr. Colley qualifies as a sexual predator under section 775.23(2)(a), Florida Statutes (1993), we need not address whether Mr. Colley might qualify for sexual predator designation under section 775.23(2)(b) because of his prior California offenses.

. We note that Mr. Colley’s judgment, which is not the order on appeal, contains a scrivener’s error. His judgment should reflect that Mr. Colley was convicted of violating section 794.01 l(4)(b), not section 794.01 l(4)(d).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Milks v. State, 848 So. 2d 1167 (Fla. 2d DCA 2003)
    …o review whether the sexual predator designation violates constitutional principles of separation of powers or procedural due process either pursuant to Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.140(b)(1)(D) or by way of certiorari. Cf. State v. Colley, 744 So. 2d 1172 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999) (concluding that review by certiorari was appropriate in state appeal of order denying sexual predator designation). . See also Espindola v. State, - So. 2d -, 2003 WL 118634, 28 Fla. L. Weekly D222 (Fla. 3d DCA Jan. 15, 2003) (h…
  • King v. State, 911 So. 2d 229 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005)
    …ey are inconsistent with this opinion, we recede from our prior opinions in Anderson v. State, 886 So. 2d 430 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004); Smeltz v. State, 818 So. 2d 538 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002); Jackson, 801 So. 2d 212; Coblentz, 775 So. 2d 359; State v. Colley, 744 So. 2d 1172 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999); Wade v. State, 728 So. 2d 284 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999); and Angell, 712 So. 2d 1132. [*234] To avoid any confusion, we explain that a sexual predator designation (1) may be imposed or modified after sentencing without regard to the tim…
  • Therrien v. State, 859 So. 2d 585 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003)
    …cificity. . Appellant proceeds on the explicit assumption that the Act is a civil, not a criminal, statute, and that “sexual predator designation is not a sentence or punishment, but is a regulatory act done for remedial purposes.” State v. Colley, 744 So. 2d 1172, 1174 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999). See Smith v. Doe, 538 U.S. 84, 123 S.Ct. 1140, 155 L.Ed.2d 164 (2003). Florida courts considering the issue had all seemingly concluded that sexual predator "designation is neither a sentence nor a punishment.” Kelly v. Sta…

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