BEN ARTHUR SMITH, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 2006-08-09
No. 3D05-1681
Before COPE, C.J., and FLETCHER and ROTHENBERG, JJ.
935 So. 2d 1223 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (2006) Positive Treatment
Cited by 3 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Ben Arthur Smith appealed an order denying his motion to correct an illegal sentence under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a). Smith was sentenced as a habitual violent felony offender (HVFO) based on his counsel's concession that his 1997 firearm offense occurred within five years of his prior prison release. The court affirmed, holding that Smith's stipulation to this fact satisfied the statutory requirement and that his motion failed to allege facts necessary for relief.


Holding

The court held that the sentence is not illegal. A defendant may stipulate to qualification as a habitual offender when he in fact qualifies, and Smith's counsel's concession that the 1997 offense occurred within five years of his release satisfied the statutory requirement. To make a facially sufficient attack on HVFO adjudications, a defendant must allege that the offense was committed more than five years after his release, which Smith did not do.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant may stipulate to qualification as a habitual offender if they in fact qualify.

[2] A defendant seeking to attack a habitual offender adjudication must allege that the current offense was committed more than five years after their release from prison.

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Key Quotes

“A party can stipulate to qualification as a habitual offender, where he or she in fact qualifies.”

Establishes the legal principle that a defendant's stipulation regarding habitual offender status is permissible and provides sufficient factual basis for sentencing.

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Facts & Procedural History

Smith was convicted of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon with an offense date of May 15, 1997. At sentencing, the State sought to qualify S…

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Opinion of the Court
COPE, C.J.

COPE, C.J.

Ben Arthur Smith appeals an order denying his motion to correct illegal sentence under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a). We affirm.

Defendant-appellant Smith was convicted of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon. The offense date was May 15, 1997.

At sentencing the State sought to qualify the defendant as a habitual violent felony offender (“HVFO”). An issue arose regarding whether the defendant’s 1997 offense was committed within five years of his release from prison on his predicate offense. During the hearing defendant’s counsel stated: “I went to see my client yesterday, and according to my discussions with my client, this crime did occur within five years of his release from prison.”

Based on that concession, the trial court ruled that the release from prison occurred within the statutorily-required five year time period prior to the current offense. The court also found that the other HVFO criteria had been met. The court ruled that the defendant qualified as an HVFO and sentenced him as such.

In his Rule 3.800(a) motion defendant claims his sentence is illegal because the trial court record does not contain “affirmative record evidence to prove defendant, Ben Smith’s, actual release date” for his prior offenses. Notably absent from defendant’s motion is any affirmative allegation that his release from prison occurred more than five years prior to his 1997 offense.

Under the applicable version of the habitual offender statute, the 1997 offense had to be committed “within 5 years of the defendant’s release from a prison sentence _” § 775.084(l)(b)2.b., Fla. Stat. (Supp. 1996). The trial court made the required finding. Defendant argues, however, that his sentence is illegal due to lack of evidentiary support for the finding. Defendant is not correct. As quoted above, defense counsel informed the court that the defendant conceded the 1997 offense was within five years of his release from prison. A party can stipulate to qualification as a habitual offender, where he or she in fact qualifies. See Greenlee v. State, 591 So. 2d 310 (Fla. 2d DCA 1991); Jefferson v. State, 571 So. 2d 70 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990).

In order to make a facially sufficient attack on his HVFO adjudications, the defendant would have to allege that his 1997 offense was committed more than five years after his release from prison. See Macaluso v. State, 912 So. 2d 694, 695 (Fla. 2d DCA 2005); see also Bover v. State, 797 So. 2d 1246, 1251 (Fla.2001). The defendant has made no such allegation.

The defendant relies on cases in which a defendant stipulated that he was a habitual offender but the stipulation later turned out to be incorrect. “A defendant cannot stipulate to habitual offender sentencing ‘when the underlying substantive offenses necessary for such a sentence do not exist.’ ” Tucker v. State, 864 So. 2d 580, 581 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004) (quoting Lee v. State, 731 So. 2d 71, 73 (Fla. 2d DCA 1999)). Those cases do not apply here.

The defendant also states that when he was released from prison he was erroneously included in the control release program. The defendant’s counsel explained at the sentencing hearing that this administrative error was later corrected. However, that error has no bearing on the issue before us. For habitualization purposes the relevant question was whether the defendant committed the 1997 offense within five years of his release from prison. The defendant’s stipulation covered this issue, and the defendant’s motion shows no basis for relief.

Affirmed.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Sutton v. State, 43 So. 3d 758 (Fla. 3d DCA 2010)
    …PER CURIAM. Affirmed. See Smith v. State, 935 So. 2d 1223 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006).…
  • Moss v. State, 9 So. 3d 674 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009)
    …n of the statute. Whether measured from the date of the 1990 conviction or the subsequent date of release on control release, the 1990 conviction is a qualifying offense. See Ruiz v. State, 844 So. 2d 800 (Fla. 3d DCA 2003); see also Smith v. State, 935 So. 2d 1223, 1224 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006). The defendant also argues that his prior conviction in Miami-Dade County Circuit Court case number 82-23151 cannot be used as a qualifying offense because it was more than five years prior to the 1990 adjudication. That ar…

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