WILLIE BROWN, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Willie Brown appealed his armed robbery and armed carjacking convictions, challenging the trial court's allowance of a peremptory challenge to remove an African-American juror based on unobserved nonverbal conduct. The court reversed and remanded for a new trial, holding that nonverbal behavior disputed by opposing counsel and not observed by the trial court cannot support a race-neutral peremptory challenge under Dorsey v. State.
The court reversed the convictions and remanded for a new trial, holding that under Dorsey v. State, a potential juror's nonverbal behavior, the existence of which is disputed by opposing counsel and neither observed by the trial court nor otherwise supported by the record, is not a proper basis to sustain a peremptory challenge as genuinely race-neutral.
[1] A peremptory challenge based on a potential juror's disputed nonverbal behavior, not observed by the trial court or otherwise supported by the record, is not a proper bas…
[2] A defendant's objection to a peremptory challenge is preserved for appellate review when the trial court acknowledges that the jury is being seated subject to prior objec…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a potential juror's nonverbal behavior, the existence of which is disputed by opposing counsel and neither observed by the trial court nor otherwise supported by the record, is not a proper basis to sustain a peremptory challenge as genuinely race-neutral.”
Establishes the controlling legal standard from Dorsey v. State that applies to this case and requires reversal.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceWillie Brown was charged with armed robbery and armed carjacking. During jury selection, the State sought to remove Juror Number Eight, an African-Ame…
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COPE, J.
The question in this criminal appeal is whether there was an error in jury selection. We conclude that the answer is “yes”, and remand for a new trial.
Defendant-appellant Willie Brown was charged with armed robbery and armed carjacking. During jury selection, the State sought to exercise a challenge for cause against Juror Number Eight, an African-American woman. The prosecutor argued that Juror Number Eight had indicated agreement when another juror said that he needed physical evidence in order to convict. The judge and defense counsel both said that they did not see that, meaning that they had not seen any nonverbal communication by Juror Number Eight which indicated agreement with the other juror. There are no statements in the transcript in which Juror Number Eight expressed agreement with the other juror, and no statements indicating that Juror Number Eight would require physical evidence in order to convict. The trial court denied the challenge for cause.
Soon thereafter the State sought to exercise a peremptory challenge against Juror Number Eight, explaining that it relied on the same reason previously given. The defense reiterated its position. The court allowed the peremptory challenge. Juror Number Eight was stricken. From his conviction, the defendant appeals.
We reverse on authority of Dorsey v. State, 868 So. 2d 1192 (Fla.2003). In Dorsey the Florida Supreme Court held that “a potential juror’s nonverbal behavior, the existence of which is disputed by opposing counsel and neither observed by the trial court nor otherwise supported by the record, is not a proper basis to sustain a peremptory challenge as genuinely race-neutral.” Id. at 1202. Here, as in Dorsey, the State relied on nonverbal conduct which the judge and defense counsel both said they did not observe. We must therefore order a new trial.
The State argues that the defense objection is not properly preserved for appellate review because at the conclusion of jury selection, the defense did not state that it was renewing its objection to the State’s strike of Juror Number Eight. However, we conclude that there was sufficient preservation in this case because, as soon as the jury was chosen, the trial court asked the defendant, “After having sat through the questioning of the panel, meeting with your attorney and going over the selection process, subject to any objections she’s raised, are you satisfied with the jury we’ve selected?” (Emphasis added). The defendant responded, “Yes, sir.” The trial court’s “subject to any objections” statement is sufficient to indicate the trial court’s awareness that the jury was being seated over defense objection and that the defense had not waived the objection. See Scott v. State, 920 So. 2d 698, 699 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006).
For the stated reasons, we reverse the convictions and remand the case for a new trial.
Reversed and remanded for further proceedings consistent herewith.
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Citator
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Howell v. State, 1 So. 3d 322 (Fla. 3d DCA 2009)…ested a gender neutral reason. The trial court added that the juror was Hispanic. Defense counsel stated that their client expressed discomfort with the way the juror was looking at him. The judge said that he did not see that. As in Brown v. State, 995 So. 2d 1099 (Fla. 3d DCA 2008), that meant such nonverbal communication cannot support the strike, relying on Dorsey. In Dorsey, the Florida Supreme Court held that “a potential juror’s nonverbal behavior, the existence of which is disputed by opposing counsel…
Authorities Cited
- Dorsey v. State, 868 So. 2d 1192 (Fla. 2003)
- Stevie Lennon Scott v. State, 920 So. 2d 698 (Fla. 3d DCA 2006)