PATRICK HAWKINS, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 2016-07-18
No. 1D15-4963
BILBREY, KELSEY, and M.K. THOMAS, JJ„ Concur.
195 So. 3d 1196 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2016) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

Patrick Hawkins appealed the denial of his postconviction motion challenging an improper habitual felony offender enhancement for a sexual battery conviction. The court reversed and remanded for resentencing, finding that Thompson applied because Hawkins's crime fell within the constitutional window period when habitual felony offender enhancement for life felonies was impermissible.


Holding

Hawkins's habitual felony offender sentence must be reversed because his crime fell within the window period (October 1, 1995 to May 24, 1997) when the 1995 amendment making life felonies subject to habitual felony offender enhancement was unconstitutional. Claims of improper habitualization may properly be raised under Rule 3.800(a), and the case is remanded for resentencing under the valid laws in effect prior to the amendment.


Headnotes

[1] A postconviction motion challenging habitual offender sentencing for a life felony committed between October 1, 1995, and May 24, 1997, is properly raised under Florida R…

[2] Habitual felony offender enhancement for life felonies was impermissible prior to October 1, 1995.

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Key Quotes

“However, the 1995 amendment to the statute that made it permissible to sentence a defendant convicted of a life felony as a habitual felony offender was later deemed unconstitutional by the Florida Supreme Court.”

Establishes the fundamental unconstitutionality of the 1995 amendment that led to Hawkins's improper sentence

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Facts & Procedural History

Hawkins was convicted of sexual battery with physical force likely to cause serious personal injury, a life felony, committed on October 16, 1996. He …

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

The appellant challenges the denial of his postconviction motion seeking relief pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(a). We reverse and remand.

In his motion, the appellant argues that he was improperly habitualized contrary to State v. Thompson, 750 So.2d 643 (Fla.1999), for a conviction of sexual battery with physical force likely to cause serious personal injury. The trial court denied this claim, concluding that Thompson did not apply.

Prior to 1995, “life felonies were not subject to habitual felony offender enhancement.” James v. State, 775 So.2d 347, 347 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000) (citing § 775.084(4)(a), Fla. Stat. (1993), and Lamont v. State, 610 So.2d 435, 438 (Fla.1992)). However, the 1995 amendment to *1197the statute that made it permissible to sentence a defendant convicted of a life felony as a habitual felony offender was later deemed unconstitutional by the Florida Supreme Court. James, 775 So.2d at 347-48 (citing Thompson, 750 So.2d at 649). Defendants whose sentences were enhanced based upon the unconstitutional amendment and whose crimes occurred during the window period are entitled to resentencing under the laws in effect prior to the amendment. James. This window period ranges from October 1, 1995, to May 24, 1997. Salters v. State, 758 So.2d 667, 671 (Fla.2000).

In the instant case, the appellant’s habitual felony offender sentence was imposed for a life felony that was committed on October 16, 1996. See § 794.011(3), Fla. Stat. (1995) (providing that sexual battery with physical force likely to cause serious personal injury is a life felony). Therefore it fell within the window period and Thompson applies. In response to this Court’s Toler1 order, the state suggested that the appellant’s claim was untimely, as such claims were more appropriately raised pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.850. However, the weight of authority holds that such claims may properly be raised pursuant to rule 3.800(a). See Simmons v. State, 180 So.3d 244 (Fla. 3d DCA 2015); Wheeler v. State, 129 So.3d 469 (Fla. 2d DCA 2014); Ford v. State, 868 So.2d 631 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004); Cook v. State, 866 So.2d 1291 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004); Bines v. State, 837 So.2d 1146 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003); Kinsey v. State, 831 So.2d 1253 (Fla. 2d DCA 2002); Green v. State, 810 So.2d 1101 (Fla. 1st DCA 2002); Lowe v. State, 786 So.2d 1194 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001); Lewis v. State, 764 So.2d 874 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000); Hankerson v. State, 765 So.2d 982 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000).

Accordingly, we reverse and remand for the trial court to resentence the appellant on the sexual battery count only pursuant to the valid laws in effect at the time his offenses were committed. See James, 775 So.2d at 348; Green, 810 So.2d at 1102. As the appellant’s offense date also falls within the Heggs2 window period, he should be resentenced pursuant to the 1994 sentencing guidelines. See Trapp v. State, 760 So.2d 924, 928 (Fla.2000); Ford, 868 So.2d at 632. Upon resentencing, the trial court will have the discretion to impose an upward departure sentence if permissible reasons are found. Id.

REVERSED and REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.

BILBREY, KELSEY, and M.K. THOMAS, JJ„ Concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Bell v. State, 219 So. 3d 221 (Fla. 1st DCA 2017)
    …hearing as to these counts only. The appellant should be re-sentenced pursuant to the 1994 sentencing guidelines, as his offenses were committed during the time that the 1995 sentencing guidelines were deemed unconstitutional. See Hawkins v. State, 195 So. 3d 1196, 1197 (Fla. 1st DCA 2016) (citing Heggs v. State, 759 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 2000), and Trapp v. State, 760 So. 2d 924 (Fla. 2008)). The trial court will have discretion to impose upward departure sentences for these offenses if it provides written reason…

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