PHYNERRIAN Q. MANNING, APPELLANT,
v.
GUY TUNNELL, AS SHERIFF OF BAY COUNTY FLORIDA, BAY COUNTY AND CORRECTIONS CORPORATION OF AMERICA, APPELLEES

Fla. 1st DCA | 2006-12-18
No. 1D04-0416
KAHN, VAN NORTWICK, and HAWKES, JJ., concur.
943 So. 2d 1018 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (2006) Positive Treatment
Cited by 3 cases

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Synopsis

Manning appealed the dismissal of his civil rights and false imprisonment complaint against Bay County and Corrections Corporation of America (CCA). The court affirmed the dismissal, finding that Manning waived his equitable tolling argument by failing to raise it before the trial court regarding Bay County, and that CCA could not be held liable as a matter of law since it lacked statutory authority to determine inmate release eligibility.


Holding

The court affirmed the dismissal. As to Bay County, Manning waived his tolling defense by failing to raise it before the trial court, and appellate courts cannot address claims raised for the first time on appeal absent recognized exceptions. As to CCA, the claims are barred as a matter of law because section 957.06(8), Florida Statutes, prohibited CCA from determining inmate release eligibility, making the alleged failure to conduct probable cause hearings a non-actionable basis for liability.


Headnotes

[1] An appellate court generally cannot consider claims raised for the first time on appeal.

[2] A party waives a defense by failing to raise it before the trial court.

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Key Quotes

“As a general rule, an appellate court cannot address claims raised for the first time on appeal.”

Establishes the foundational procedural principle that Manning waived his tolling argument by not raising it before the trial court regarding Bay County.

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Facts & Procedural History

Phynerrian Q. Manning filed a complaint alleging deprivations of his constitutional rights and false imprisonment against Guy Tunnell (sheriff), Bay C…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

Opinion on Motion for Rehearing

PER CURIAM.

Appellant’s motion for rehearing is denied. The court’s opinion filed February 3, 2006, is withdrawn and the following opinion is substituted for clarification.

Phynerrian Q. Manning appeals a final order dismissing with prejudice, pursuant to the statute of limitations, section 95.11, Florida Statutes (2003), his complaint against appellees, Guy Tunnell, as sheriff of Bay County, Florida, Bay County, and the Corrections Corporation of America, in which he sought to state claims based upon alleged deprivations of his constitutional rights and false imprisonment. This appeal concerns only the dismissal as to defendants Bay County and Corrections Corporation of America; the order of dismissal as to the Sheriff, Guy Tunnell, was previously affirmed by this court. Manning v. Tunnell, 908 So. 2d 1061 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005).

Appellant argues on appeal that the trial court erred in failing to apply the equitable tolling provision of 28 U.S.C. § 1367(d) to prevent the limitations period from expiring while he was pursuing claims in federal court. See Jinks v. Richland County, 538 U.S. 456, 123 S.Ct. 1667, 155 L.Ed.2d 631 (2003).

The appellant, however, did not raise the tolling provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 1367(d) before the trial court specifically as to the allegations against Bay County, which was named as a defendant only in count I of the verified complaint, and therefore, as to Bay County, this defense was waived. As a general rule, an appellate court cannot address claims raised for the first time on appeal. See, e.g., Krasnick v. State, 780 So. 2d 1045, 1046 (Fla. 4th DCA 2001)(deelining to consider state’s laches defense, raised for the first time on appeal).

Although there are exceptions to this rule, the exceptions are not applicable in the instant case. See DM Records, Inc. v. Turnpike Commercial Plaza, Phase II, Condominium Ass’n, Inc., 894 So. 2d 1030 (Fla. 4th DCA 2005)(explaining that sufficiency of the evidence to support the judgment may be raised for the first time on appeal in a non-jury trial); Romage v. State, 890 So. 2d 550 (Fla. 5th DCA 2005)(holding that claims based on an alleged violation of double jeopardy constitute fundamental error which, absent a knowing and voluntary waiver, may be raised for the first time on appeal); Bank One, N.A. v. Batronie, 884 So. 2d 346 (Fla. 2d DCA 2004)(indieating that the lack of subject-matter jurisdiction may be raised for the first time on appeal).

Further, the claims raised against Corrections Corporation of America (CCA) are clearly barred by statute.

Section 957.06(8), Florida Statutes, provides that a contract entered into for the operation of a private correctional facility shall not authorize, allow or imply the delegation of authority to a contractor to “[djetermine inmate eligibility for any form of conditional, temporary or permanent release from a correctional facility.” This statute was in effect at the time appellant alleges he was wrongfully held and remains in effect. Clearly, as a matter of law, the alleged failure by CCA to conduct a timely probable cause hearing cannot be a basis for asserting civil liability against CCA given CCA had no legal authority to release appellant. As CCA argued below, appellant has not and cannot state a cause of action against CCA. While the trial court did not grant the motion of CCA to dismiss on this ground, the order granting dismissal with prejudice can be granted on this ground pursuant to the “tipsy coachman” rule. See Robertson v. State, 829 So. 2d 901, 906-7 (Fla.2002).

Accordingly, we AFFIRM.

KAHN, VAN NORTWICK, and HAWKES, JJ., concur.


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